Articles
The article considers the methods of casting of domestic castable magnesium alloys (VML18, VML20) in disposable moulds made of sand-clay mixture, cold box mixture and moulds produced by 3D-printing 3D-models of parts of the steering system com-ponents from magnesium castable VML 18 and VML 20 alloys were developed for the three-dimensional printing.
2. Kablov E.N. VIAM: prodolzhenie puti [VIAM: continuation of the path] //Nauka v Rossii. 2012. №3. S. 36–44.
3. Kablov E.N. Sovremennye materialy – osnova innovacionnoj modernizacii Rossii [Modern materials - the basis of innovative modernization of Russia] //Metally Evrazii. 2012. №3. S. 10–15.
4. Kablov E.N. Aviakosmicheskoe materialovedenie [Aerospace Materials] //Vse materialy. Jenciklopedicheskij spravochnik. 2008. №3. S. 2–14.
5. Kablov E.N., Ospennikova O.G., Vershkov A.V. Redkie metally i redkozemel'nye jelementy – materialy sovremennyh i budushhih vysokih tehnologij [Rare metals and rare earth elements - materials of current and future high-tech] //Trudy VIAM. 2013. №2. St. 01 (viam-works.ru).
6. Kablov E.N. Strategicheskie napravlenija razvitija materialov i tehnologij ih pererabotki na period do 2030 goda [Strategic directions of development of materials and technologies to process them for the period up to 2030] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №S. S. 7–17.
7. Kornysheva I.S., Volkova E.F., Goncharenko E.S., Muhina I.Ju. Perspektivy primenenija magnievyh i litejnyh aljuminievyh splavov [Prospects for the use of magnesium and aluminum foundry alloys] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №S. S. 212–222.
8. Goncharenko E.S., Aljab'ev I.P., Trapeznikov A.V., Ogorodov D.V. Tehnologija poluchenija fasonnyh otlivok iz tehnologicheskogo germetichnogo splava AL4MS [Technology for producing shaped castings of technological sealed alloy AL4MS] //Litejshhik Rossii. 2014. №7. S. 12–14.
9. Goncharenko E.S., Trapeznikov A.V., Ogorodov D.V. Litejnye aljuminievye splavy (k 100-letiju so dnja rozhdenija M.B. Al'tmana) [Casting aluminum alloys (for the 100th anniversary of the birth of Mikhail Altman)] //Trudy VIAM. 2014. №4. St. 02 (viam-works.ru).
10. Dujunova V.A., Goncharenko E.S., Muhina I.Ju. i dr. Nauchnoe nasledie akademika I.N. Fridljandera. Sovremennye issledovanija magnievyh i litejnyh aljuminievyh splavov v VIAM [Scientific Heritage of Academician I.N. Friedlander. Modern studies of magnesium and cast aluminum alloys VIAM] //Cvetnye metally. 2013. №9. S. 71–78.
11. Korchagina V.A. Radi kachestva magnievyh otlivok [For the sake of the quality of magnesium castings] //Inzhenernaja gazeta. 2006. №33–34. S. 5.
12. Dujunova V.A. Magnievye splavy: nauchnye issledovanija Central'nogo ajerogidrodinamicheskogo instituta i Vsesojuznogo instituta aviacionnyh materialov. 1930–1935 gg. [Magnesium alloys: research of the Central hydrodynamic Institute and the All-Union Institute of Aviation Materials. 1930-1935 years.] //Istorija nauki i tehniki. 2012. №10. S. 27–35.
13. Karimova S.A., Pavlovskaja T.G. Razrabotka sposobov zashhity ot korrozii konstrukcij, rabotajushhih v uslovijah kosmosa [Development of methods of corrosion protection structures operating in space] //Trudy VIAM. 2013. №4. St. 02 (viam-works.ru).
14. Kozlov I.A., Karimova S.A. Korrozija magnievyh splavov i sovremennye metody ih zashhity [Corrosion of Magnesium Alloys and modern methods of protection] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2014. №2. S. 15–20.
15. Dujunova V.A. Metody zashhity magnievyh splavov v otechestvennom litejnom proizvodstve s 1930-h gg. do nastojashhego vremeni [Methods of protection of magnesium alloys in the domestic foundry with the 1930s. up to date] //Litejshhik Rossii. 2010. №10. S. 35–37.
16. Dujunova V.A., Uridija Z.P. Issledovanie vosplamenjaemosti litejnyh magnievyh splavov sistemy Mg–Zn–Zr [Study the flammability of casting magnesium alloys Mg–Zn–Zr] //Litejshhik Rossii. 2012. №11. S. 21–23.
17. Kablov E.N. Himija v aviacionnom materialovedenii [Chemistry aviation materials] //Rossijskij himicheskij zhurnal. 2010. T. LIV. №1. S. 3–4.
18. Kablov E.N., Muhina I.Ju., Korchagina V.A. Prisadochnye materialy dlja formovochnyh smesej pri lit'e magnievyh splavov [Filler materials for molding compounds for casting magnesium alloys] //Litejnoe proizvodstvo. 2007. №5. S. 15–18.
19. Dujunova V.A., Muhina I.Ju., Uridija Z.P. Novye protivoprigarnye prisadochnye materialy dlja litejnyh form magnievyh otlivok [New antiscorching filler materials for molds magnesium castings] //Litejnoe proizvodstvo. 2009. №9. S. 18–21.
20. Dujunova V.A., Kozlov I.A. Holodnotverdejushhie formovochnye smesi: perspektivy ispol'zovanija pri lit'e magnievyh splavov [Cold-molding materials: prospects for the use in the casting of magnesium alloys] //Vse materialy. Jenciklopedicheskij spravochnik. 2011. №1. S. 41–43.
21. Muhina I.Ju., Dujunova V.A., Uridija Z.P. Perspektivnye litejnye magnievye splavy [Prospective casting magnesium alloys] //Litejnoe proizvodstvo. 2013. №5. S. 2–5.
22. Frolov A.V., Muhina I.Ju., Dujunova V.A., Uridija Z.P. Vlijanie tehnologicheskih parametrov plavki na strukturu i svojstva novyh magnievyh splavov [Effect of process parameters on the structure and melting properties of the novel magnesium alloys] //Metallurgija mashinostroenija. 2014. №2. S. 26–29.
Experimental and industrial UVNK-type units of various sizes purposed for casting of heat-resistant alloys not only at VIAM, but also in industrial production are described in the paper. The units listed in the article cover all requirements of large-scale and short-run production providing an opportunity to manufacture cast products of higher quality.
2. Kablov E.N., Petrushin N.V., Svetlov I.L., Demonis I.M. Nikelevye litejnye zharoprochnye splavy novogo pokolenija [Casting nickel superalloys new generation] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №S. S. 36−52.
3. Kablov E.N., Svetlov I.L., Petrushin N.V. Nikelevye zharoprochnye splavy dlja lit'ja lopatok s napravlennoj i monokristallicheskoj strukturoj (Chast' I) [Nickel superalloys for casting blades with directional and single-crystal structure] //Materialovedenie. 1997. №4. S. 32–39.
4. Kablov E.N., Svetlov I.L., Petrushin N.V. Nikelevye zharoprochnye splavy dlja lit'ja lopatok s napravlennoj i monokristallicheskoj strukturoj (Chast' II) [Nickel superalloys for casting blades with directional and single-crystal structure] //Materialovedenie. 1997. №5. S. 14–16.
5. Belikov A.V., Visik E.M., Gerasimov V.V. Modernizacija oborudovanija dlja napravlennoj kristallizacii – jeffektivnyj put' sovershenstvovanija tehnologii monokristalliche-skogo lit'ja [Modernization of equipment for directional solidification - an effective way of improving the technology of single crystal casting] //Litejnoe proizvodstvo. 2014. №4. S. 34–36.
6. Gerasimov V.V., Koljadov E.V., Visik E.M. O napravlennoj kristallizacii krupnogabaritnyh otlivok na ustanovke UVNK-15 [About the directional solidification of large castings for installation UVNK-15] //Litejnoe proizvodstvo. 2013. №3. S. 21–24.
7. Belikov A.V., Gerasimov V.V., Visik E.M. Tehnologija poluchenija obrazcov dlja attestacii zharoprochnyh splavov, vyplavlennyh s primeneniem othodov litejnogo proizvodstva zavodov otrasli [The technology of obtaining samples for certification superalloys melted using foundry waste branch factories] //Trudy VIAM. 2013. №6. St. 02 (viam-works.ru).
8. Gerasimov V.V., Koljadov E.V. Tehnicheskie harakteristiki i tehnologicheskie vozmozhnosti ustanovok UVNK-9A i VIP-NK dlja poluchenija monokristallicheskih otlivok iz zharoprochnyh splavov [Specifications and technological capabilities installations UVNK-9A and VIP-NK to produce single crystal castings of superalloys] //Litejshhik Rossii. 2012. №11. S. 33–37.
9. Kablov E.N., Gerasimov V.V., Visik E.M., Demonis I.M. Rol' napravlennoj kristallizacii v resursosberegajushhej tehnologii proizvodstva detalej GTD [The role of directional solidification in the resource-saving technology of production of gas-turbine] //Trudy VIAM. 2013. №3. St. 01 (viam-works.ru).
10. Gerasimov V.V., Visik E.M., Koljadov E.V. Ob osvoenii tehnologii poluchenija krupnogabaritnyh lityh lopatok s monokristallicheskoj strukturoj [About the development of technology for production of large cast blades with single-crystal structure] //Litejnoe proizvodstvo. 2014. №3. S. 29–32.
11. Gorjunov A.V., Rigin V.E. Sovremennaja tehnologija poluchenija litejnyh zharoprochnyh nikelevyh splavov [Modern technology of production of heat-resistant nickel alloys casting] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2014. №2. S. 3–7.
12. Koljadov E.V., Gerasimov V.V., Visik E.M. Poluchenie krupnogabaritnyh zagotovok diskov turbiny GTD napravlennoj kristallizaciej [Getting large workpieces drives turbines GTE directional solidification] //Litejnoe proizvodstvo. 2013. №10. S. 28–32.
13. Bazyleva O.A., Arginbaeva Je.G., Turenko E.Ju. Zharoprochnye litejnye intermetallidnye splavy [Heat-resistant casting intermetallic alloys] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №S. S. 57−60.
14. Tolorajja V.N., Ostrouhova G.A., Demonis I.M. Formirovanie monokristallicheskoj struktury lityh krupnogabaritnyh turbinnyh lopatok GTD i GTU na ustanovkah vysokogradientnoj napravlennoj kristallizacii [Formation of a single-crystal structure of large cast turbine blades and turbine engine gas turbine installations on high-gradient directional solidification] //MiTOM. 2011. №1. S. 25–33.
15. Gerasimov V.V., Visik E.M. Tehnologicheskie aspekty lit'ja detalej gorjachego trakta GTD iz intermetallidnyh nikelevyh splavov tipa VKNA s monokristallicheskoj strukturoj [Technological aspects of the casting of turbine engine hot section of the intermetallic nickel alloys such VKNA with single-crystal structure] //Litejshhik Rossii. 2012. №2. S. 19–23.
16. Kablov E.N., Ospennikova O.G., Sidorov V.V., Rigin V.E., Kablov D.E. Osobennosti tehnologii vyplavki i razlivki sovremennyh litejnyh vysokozharoprochnyh nikelevyh splavov [Features of technology of smelting and casting foundry modern nickel-base superalloys] //Vestnik MGTU im. N.Je. Baumana. Ser. «Mashinostroenie». 2011. №SP2. S. 68–79.
17. Koljadov E.V., Gerasimov V.V., Visik E.M. O poluchenii obrazcov dlja jekspress-analiza himsostava zharoprochnyh splavov [On receipt of the samples for the rapid analysis of chemical composition of high-temperature alloys] //Metallurgija. 2012. №3. S. 27–28.
18. Kablov E.N., Bondarenko Ju.A., Kablov D.E. Osobennosti struktury i zharoprochnyh svojstv monokristallov <001> vysokorenievogo nikelevogo zharoprochnogo splava, poluchennogo v uslovijah vysokogradientnoj napravlennoj kristallizacii [Structure and properties of single crystals of high-temperature <001> high-rhenium nickel superalloy obtained under high-gradient directional solidification] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2011. №4. S. 25–31.
19. Kablov E.N., Petrushin N.V., Bronfin M.B., Alekseev A.A. Osobennosti monokristallicheskih zharoprochnyh nikelevyh splavov, legirovannyh reniem [Features single-crystal high-temperature nickel alloys doped with rhenium] //Metally. 2006. №5. S. 47–57.
An influence of the high-gradient directional crystallization on the structural features (interdendritic distance and porosity) of the superalloys is presented in the paper. The industrial-scale high-gradient unit of UVNS-6 type and some benefits of its use are shown as well. Studies of some test specimens manufactured on UVNS-6 unit completed with measurement of the interdendritic distance were carried out. The temperature gradient was estimated by experimental method.
2. Belikov A.V., Gerasimov V.V., Visik E.M. Tehnologija poluchenija obrazcov dlja attestacii zharoprochnyh splavov, vyplavlennyh s primeneniem othodov litejnogo proizvodstva zavodov otrasli [The technology of obtaining samples for certification superalloys melted using foundry waste branch factories] //Trudy VIAM. 2013. №6. St. 02 (viam-works.ru).
3. Litye lopatki gazoturbinnyh dvigatelej: splavy, tehnologii, pokrytija [Alloy blades of gas turbine engines: alloys, technology, coatings] /Pod obshh. red. E.N. Kablova. 2-e izd. M.: Nauka. 2006. 632 s.
4. Bondarenko Ju.A., Echin A.B., Surova V.A., Narskij A.R. O napravlennoj kristallizacii zharoprochnyh splavov s ispol'zovaniem ohladitelja [About the directional solidification of superalloys using cooler] //Litejnoe proizvodstvo. 2011. №5. S. 36–39.
5. Gerasimov V.V., Visik E.M., Koljadov E.V. O napravlennoj kristallizacii krupnogabaritnyh otlivok na ustanovke UVNK-15 [About the directional solidification of large cast-ings for installation UVNK-15] //Litejnoe proizvodstvo. 2013. №3. S. 21–23.
6. Kablov E.N., Bondarenko Ju.A., Echin A.B., Surova V.A. Razvitie processa napravlennoj kristallizacii lopatok GTD iz zharoprochnyh splavov s monokristallicheskoj i kompozicionnoj strukturoj [The development process of directional solidification of the gas turbine engine blades superalloys with a single-crystal structure and composition] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №1. S. 3–8.
7. Bondarenko Ju.A., Bazyleva O.A., Echin A.B. i dr. Vysokogradientnaja napravlennaja kristallizacija detalej iz splava VKNA-1V [High-gradient directional solidification of an alloy parts VKNA-1B] //Litejnoe proizvodstvo. 2012. №6. S. 12–16.
8. Bondarenko Ju.A., Echin A.B., Surova V.A., Narskij A.R. Vlijanie temperaturnogo gradienta na fronte rosta na strukturu zharoprochnogo splava pri napravlennoj kristallizacii [The influence of the temperature gradient at the growth front on the structure of superalloy with directional solidification] //Litejshhik Rossii. 2014. №5. S. 24–27.
9. Kablov E.N., Bondarenko Ju.A., Kablov D.E. Osobennosti struktury i zharoprochnyh svojstv monokristallov <001> vysokorenievogo nikelevogo zharoprochnogo splava, poluchennogo v uslovijah vysokogradientnoj napravlennoj kristallizacii [Structure and properties of single crystals of high-temperature <001> high-rhenium nickel superalloy obtained under high-gradient directional solidification] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2011. №4. S. 25–31.
10. Bondarenko Ju.A., Kablov E.N. Napravlennaja kristallizacija zharoprochnyh splavov s povyshennym temperaturnym gradientom [Directional solidification of superalloys with a high temperature gradient] //MiTOM. 2002. №7. S. 20–23.
11. Bondarenko Ju.A., Echin A.B., Surova V.A., Narskij A.R. Vlijanie uslovij napravlennoj kristallizacii na strukturu detalej tipa lopatki GTD [Effect of directional solidification conditions on the structure of parts such as blades of GTE] //Litejnoe proizvodstvo. 2012. №7. S. 14–16.
12. Kablov E.N., Petrushin N.V., Sidorov V.V., Demonis I.M. Razrabotka monokristallicheskih vysokorenievyh zharoprochnyh nikelevyh splavov metodom komp'juternogo konstruirovanija [Development of single-crystal high-rhenium high-temperature nickel alloys by computer-aided design] /V kn.: Litejnye zharoprochnye splavy. Jeffekt S.T. Kishkina: nauch.-tehn. sb. M.: Nauka. 2006. S. 79–97.
13. Echin A.B., Bondarenko Ju.A. Promyshlennaja vysokogradientnaja ustanovka napravlennoj kristallizacii UVNS-6 [Industrial high-gradient directional solidification installation UVNS-6] //Metallurgija mashinostroenija. 2013. №3. S. 32–34.
14. Echin A.B., Bondarenko Ju.A. Novaja promyshlennaja vysokogradientnaja ustanovka napravlennoj kristallizacii UVNS-6, ee harakteristiki i preimushhestva [The new indus-trial plant high-gradient directional solidification UVNS-6, its features and benefits] //Novosti materialovedenija. Nauka i tehnika. 2014. №2 (materialsnews.ru).
15. Echin A.B., Bondarenko Ju.A. Novaja promyshlennaja vysokogradientnaja ustanovka UVNS-6 dlja poluchenija lopatok i drugih detalej GTD iz litejnyh zharoprochnyh i intermetallidnyh splavov s monokristallicheskoj strukturoj [The new industrial plant UVNS high-gradient-6 for blades and other GTE parts of the casting heat-resistant and intermetallic alloys with the single-crystal structure] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2014 (v pechati).
16. Shalin R.E., Svetlov I.L., Kachanov E.B. i dr. Monokristally nikelevyh zharoprochnyh splavov [Single crystals of nickel superalloys]. M.: Mashinostroenie. 1997. 336 s.
17. Petrushin N.V., Bronfin M.B., Kablov E.N. i dr. Osobennosti strukturno-fazovyh prevrashhenij pri termicheskoj obrabotke monokristallov vysokorenievyh zharoprochnyh nikelevyh splavov [Features of structural and phase transformations during the heat treat-ment of single crystals of high-rhenium high-temperature nickel alloys] /V kn.: Litejnye zharoprochnye splavy. Jeffekt S.T. Kishkina: nauch.-tehn. sb. M.: Nauka. 2006. S. 142–154.
18. Kablov E.N., Bondarenko Ju.A., Echin A.B., Surova V.A., Kablov D.E. Razvitie processa napravlennoj kristallizacii lopatok GTD iz zharoprochnyh i intermetallidnyh splavov s monokristallicheskoj strukturoj [The development process of directional solidification of high-temperature gas turbine engine blades and intermetallic alloys with a single-crystal structure] //Vestnik MGTU im. N.Je. Baumana. Ser. «Mashinostroenie». 2011. №SP2. S. 20–25.
19. Kablov E.N. Strategicheskie napravlenija razvitija materialov i tehnologij ih pererabotki na period do 2030 goda [Strategic directions of development of materials and technologies to process them for the period up to 2030] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №S. S. 7–17.
Some of factors causing appearance of microporosity in magnesium alloy castings were researched. Many parts of different configuration and size with a variable degree of microporosity were studied. According to the analysis of data of ML5 alloy parts research, mechanical properties of castings in case of the steady production process depend, mainly, on the wall thickness of the tested part and on the microporosity degree. The degree of damage caused by microporosity is of a major significance. A scale of microporosity for castings made of ML5 and ML5c.p. magnesium alloys was created. The scale determines the relation between the microporosity image intensity when ML5 alloy casting is being x-rayed and mechanical properties of the casting (ultimate strength and elongation) in the damaged area. The new impregnation compounds Anakrol-90 and KP-GS55 for sealing of micropores and restoration of castings impermeability by vacuum-pressure method were suggested.
2. Kablov E.N. Osnovnye itogi i napravlenija razvitija materialov dlja perspektivnoj aviacionnoj tehniki [The main results and directions of development of promising materials for aircraft equipment] /V sb. 75 let. Aviacionnye materialy. Izbrannye trudy «VIAM» 1932–2007: Jubilejnyj nauch.-tehnich. sb. M.: VIAM. 2007. S. 20–26.
3. Kablov E.N. Strategicheskie napravlenija razvitija materialov i tehnologij ih pererabotki na period do 2030 goda [Strategic directions of development of materials and technologies to process them on the period up to 2030] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №S. S. 7–17.
4. Kablov E.N. VIAM: prodolzhenie puti [VIAM: continuation of the path] //Nauka v Rossii. 2012. №3. S. 36–44.
5. Kablov E.N. Sovremennye materialy – osnova innovacionnoj modernizacii Rossii [Modern materials – the basis of innovative modernization of Russia] //Metally Evrazii. 2012. №3. S. 10–15.
6. Kablov E.N. Himija v aviacionnom materialovedenii [Chemistry aviation materials] //Rossijskij himicheskij zhurnal. 2010. T. LIV. №1. S. 3–4.
7. Kablov E.N. Aviakosmicheskoe materialovedenie [Aerospace Materials] //Vse materialy. Jenciklopedicheskij spravochnik. 2008. №3. S. 2–14.
8. Korchagina V.A. Radi kachestva magnievyh otlivok [For the sake of the quality of magnesium castings] //Inzhenernaja gazeta. 2006. №33–34. S. 5.
9. Sadkov V.V., Laponov Ju.L., Ageev A.P. i dr. Perspektivy i uslovija primenenija magnievyh splavov v samoletah OAO «Tupolev» [Prospects and conditions of use of magnesium alloys in aircraft JSC "Tupolev"] //Metallurgija mashinostroenija. 2007. №4. S. 19–23.
10. Antipov V.V., Vahromov R.O., Dujunova V.A., Nochovnaja N.A. Materialy s vysokoj udel'noj prochnost'ju na osnove aljuminija, magnija, titana i tehnologii ih pererabotki [Materials with high specific resistance, based on aluminum, magnesium, titanium, and processing technologies] //Boepripasy i spechimija. 2013. №3. S. 51–55.
11. Muhina I.Ju., Uridija Z.P. Magnij – osnova sverhlegkih materialov [Magnesium – the basis of ultra-light materials] //Metallurgija mashinostroenija. 2005. №6. S. 29–31.
12. Dujunova V.A. Metody zashhity magnievyh splavov v otechestvennom litejnom proizvodstve s 1930-h gg. do nastojashhego vremeni [Methods of protection of magnesium alloys in the domestic foundry with the 1930s. up to date] //Litejshhik Rossii. 2010. №10. S. 35–37.
13. Dujunova V.A., Muhina I.Ju., Uridija Z.P. Novye protivoprigarnye prisadochnye materialy dlja litejnyh form magnievyh otlivok [New antiscorching filler materials for molds magnesium castings] //Litejnoe proizvodstvo. 2009. №9. S. 18–21.
14. Muhina I.Ju., Dujunova V.A., Uridija Z.P. Perspektivnye litejnye magnievye splavy [Prospective casting magnesium alloys] //Litejnoe proizvodstvo. 2013. №5. S. 2–5.
15. Dujunova V.A., Goncharenko N.S., Muhina I.Ju. i dr. Nauchnoe nasledie akademika I.N. Fridljandera. Sovremennye issledovanija magnievyh i litej-nyh aljuminievyh splavov v VIAM [Scientific Heritage of Academician I.N. Friedlander. Modern studies of magnesium and cast aluminum alloys VIAM] //Cvetnye metally. 2013. №9. S. 71–78.
16. Frolov A.V., Muhina I.Ju., Dujunova V.A., Uridija Z.P. Vlijanie tehnologicheskih parametrov plavki na strukturu i svojstva novyh magnievyh splavov [Effect of process parameters on the structure and melting properties of the novel magnesium alloys] //Metallurgija mashinostroenija. 2014. №2. S. 26–29.
17. Muhina I.Ju. Litejnye splavy i tehprocessy pri proizvodstve magnievyh otlivok [Casting alloys and process technologies in the production of magnesium castings] //Litejnoe proizvodstvo. 2003. №4. S. 18–19.
18. Goncharenko E.S., Trapeznikov A.V., Ogorodov D.V. Litejnye aljuminievye splavy (k 100-letiju so dnja rozhdenija M.B. Al'tmana) [Casting aluminum alloys (for 100-th anniversary of the birth MB Altman)] //Trudy VIAM. 2014. №4. St. 02 (viam-works.ru).
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An overview of publications about advanced research in the field of development and application of titanium alloys is hereby provided. The importance of determination of low hydrogen concentration in titanium alloys is highlighted. The challenge for VIAM now is to develop new measurement procedures and manufacture reference materials (CRMs) with certified hydrogen content. Existing measurement procedures for determination of hydrogen content in Ti alloys are hereby overviewed. The experience of such method developing by using the RHEN-600 gas analyzer unit is considered in details – from the choice of the reference materials and unit pre-treatment method to metrological characteristics estimation. The developed measurement procedure for determination of hydrogen content in Ti alloys by fusion of reference material in inert gas (argon) is approved and included in the State Register.
2. Antashov V.G., Nochovnaja N.A., Shirjaev A.A., Izotova A.Ju. Perspektivy razrabotki novyh titanovyh splavov [Prospects for the development of new titanium alloys] //Vestnik MGTU im. N.Je. Baumana. Ser. «Mashinostroenie». 2011. №SP2. C. 60–67.
3. Nochovnaja N.A., Ivanov V.I., Alekseev E.B., Kochetkov A.S. Puti optimizacii jekspluatacionnyh svojstv splavov na osnove intermetallidov titana [Ways to optimize the performance properties of intermetallic alloys based on titanium] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №S. S. 196–206.
4. Kashapov O.S., Novak A.V., Nochovnaja N.A., Pavlova T.V. Sostojanie, problemy i perspektivy sozdanija zharoprochnyh titanovyh splavov dlja detalej GTD [Status, problems and prospects of creating heat-resistant titanium alloys for GTE parts] //Trudy VIAM. 2013. №3. St. 02 (viam-works.ru).
5. Horev A.I., Nochovnaja N.A., Jakovlev A.L. Mikrolegirovanie redkozemel'nymi metallami titanovyh splavov [Microalloying rare earth metals titanium alloys] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №S. S. 206–212.
6. Kablov E.N. Strategicheskie napravlenija razvitija materialov i tehnologij ih pererabotki na period do 2030 goda [Strategic directions of development of materials and technologies to process them for the period up to 2030] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №S. S. 7–17.
7. Kablov E.N., Bondarenko Ju.A., Echin A.B., Surova V.A. Razvitie processa napravlennoj kristallizacii lopatok GTD iz zharoprochnyh splavov s monokristallicheskoj i kompozicionnoj strukturoj [The development process of directional solidification of the gas turbine engine blades superalloys with a single-crystal structure and composition] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №1. S. 3–8.
8. Skvorcova S.V., Panin P.V., Nochovnaja N.A. i dr. Vlijanie vodoroda na fazovye i strukturnye prevrashhenija v titanovom splave VT6 [The effect of hydrogen on the phase and structural transformations in titanium alloy BT6] //Tehnologija legkih splavov. 2011. №4. C. 35–40.
9. Panin P.V., Shirjaev A.A., Dzunovich D.A. Postroenie temperaturno-koncentracionnoj diagrammy fazovogo sostava titanovogo splava VT6, dopolnitel'no legirovannogo vodorodom [Construction of the temperature-concentration phase diagram of the titanium alloy BT6 additionally doped with hydrogen] //Tehnologija mashinostroenija. 2014. №3. S. 5–9.
10. Il'in A.A., Skvorcova S.V., Panin P.V., Shalin A.V. Vlijanie termovodorodnoj obrabotki i plasticheskoj deformacii na strukturoobrazovanie v titanovyh splavah raznyh klassov [Influence thermohydrogen processing and plastic deformation on the structure formation in titanium alloys of different classes] //Aviacionnaja promyshlennost'. 2009. №4. S. 31–36.
11. Nochovnaja N.A., Alekseev E.B., Jasinskij K.K., Kochetkov A.S. Specifika plavki i sposoby poluchenija slitkov intermetallida titanovyh splavov s povyshennym soderzhaniem niobija [Specificity melting ingots and methods of preparing the intermetallic titanium alloys with a high content of niobium] //Vestnik MGTU im. N.Je. Baumana. Ser. «Mashinostroenie». 2011. №SP2. C. 53–59.
12. Poljanskij A.M., Poljanskij V.A., Popov-Djumin D.B. Primenenie metoda vysokotemperaturnoj vakuum-jekstrakcii vodoroda iz metallicheskih obrazcov dlja opredelenija plotnosti defektov struktury i jenergii svjazi vodoroda v metallah [Application of the method of high-temperature vacuum extraction of hydrogen from metal samples to determine the density of structural defects and the binding energy of hydrogen in metals] //ISJAEE. 2005. P. 42–46.
13. Letov A.F., Karachevcev F.N. Opyt razrabotki standartnyh obrazcov aviacionnyh splavov [Experience in the development of standard samples aviation alloys] //Mir izmerenij. 2012. №8. S. 31–35.
14. Kablov E.N., Morozov G.A., Krutikov V.N., Muravskaja N.P. Attestacija standartnyh obrazcov sostava slozhnolegirovannyh splavov s primeneniem jetalona [Certification of standard samples of complex alloys using standard] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №2. C. 9–11.
15. Letov A.F., Karachevcev F.N., Gundobin N.V., Titov V.I. Razrabotka standartnyh obrazcov sostava splavov aviacionnogo naznachenija [Development of standard samples of alloys aviation applications] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №S. C. 393–398.
16. Grigorovich K.V. Novye vozmozhnosti sovremennyh metodov opredelenija gazoobrazujushhih primesej v metallah [New features of modern methods for the determination of gas-forming impurities in metals] //Zavodskaja laboratorija. Diagnostika materialov. 2007. №1. S. 23–34.
17. GOST 9853.21–96. Titan gubchatyj. Metody opredelenija vodoroda [Titanium sponge. Methods for determination of hydrogen].
18. Karpov Ju.A. Spektral'nyj analiz v analiticheskom kontrole metallurgicheskogo pro-izvodstva [Spectral analysis in analytical control of metallurgical production] //Standartnye obrazcy. 2012. №1. C. 3–6.
19. GOST 24956–81. Splavy titanovye. Opredelenie vodoroda v tverdom metalle metodom vakuum-nagreva [Titanium alloys. Determination of hydrogen in solid metals by vacuum heating].
20. GOST 17745. Stali i splavy. Metody analiza gazov [Steels and alloys. Methods for analysis of gases].
21. OST I 90034. Splavy titanovye. Metod spektral'nogo opredelenija soderzhanija vodoroda [Titanium alloys. Method for the determination of hydrogen content].
22. GOST 5725. Tochnost' (pravil'nost' i precizionnost') metodov i rezul'tatov izmerenij [Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results].
A possibility of determination of silicon content in heat-resistant nickel alloys (HNA) is surveyed in this work. Silicon in amount >0,4% mass. enriches grain boundaries of the alloy promoting precipitation of plate-shaped M6C carbide films and TCP phase formation and reduction in strength and plastic properties. Rhodamine C was applied at the development of a method for determination of the silicon content in the range of 0,005–0,1% mass. in HNA. The experimental part was to prepare a standard silicon solution, to choose optimal conditions for reaction of «silicon molybdic acid – rhodamine C» complex formation, to verify an influence of environment acidity on the salt formation process of silicon mo-lybdate ions with rhodamine C, the complex stability in time. As a result of the work, a method of direct photometry was developed by which the silicon content can be determined in heat-resistant nickel alloys within the concentration range of 0.005–0.1 % mass.
2. Kablov E.N., Sidorov V.V., Kablov D.E. i dr. Sovremennye tehnologii poluchenija prutkovyh zagotovok iz litejnyh zharoprochnyh splavov novogo pokolenija [Modern technology of bar stock from the casting of superalloys new generation] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №S. S. 97–105.
3. Shmotin Ju.N., Starkov R.Ju., Danilov D.V. i dr. Novye materialy dlja perspektivnogo dviga-telja OAO «NPO „Saturn”» [New materials for advanced engine JSC "NPO" Saturn "»] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №2. S. 6–8.
4. Kablov E.N., Ospennikova O.G., Bazyleva O.A. Materialy dlja vysokoteplonagruzhennyh detalej gazoturbinnyh dvigatelej [Materials for high-thermal components of gas turbine en-gines] //Vestnik MGTU im. N.Je. Baumana. Ser. «Mashinostroenie». 2011. №SP2. C. 13–19.
5. Kablov E.N., Bondarenko Ju.A., Kablov D.E. Osobennosti struktury i zharoprochnyh svojstv monokristallov <001> vysokorenievogo nikelevogo zharoprochnogo splava, poluchennogo v uslovijah vysokogradientnoj napravlennoj kristallizacii [Features of the structure and properties of single crystals <001> of high-temperature high-rhenium superalloy, obtained under high-gradient directional solidification] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2011. №4. S. 25–31.
6. Morozova G.I., Timofeeva O.B., Petrushin N.V. Osobennosti struktury i fazovogo sostava vysokorenievogo zharoprochnogo splava [Features of the structure and phase composition high-rhenium superalloy] //MiTOM. 2009. №2 (644). S. 10–16.
7. Kablov E.N., Petrushin N.V., Nazarkin R.M. Designing of intermetallic Ni3Al-based sup-eralloy /In: 9-th liege conf. Materials for advanced power engineering. 2010. P. 646–651.
8. Kablov E.N., Ospennikova O.G., Sidorov V.V., Rigin V.E. Proizvodstvo lityh prutkovyh (shihtovyh) zagotovok iz sovremennyh litejnyh vysokozharoprochnyh splavov [Production of cast semifinished (charge) pieces of modern foundry alloys highly heat] /V sb. trudov nauchn.-tehn. konf. «Problemy i perspektivy razvitija metallurgii i mashinostroenija s ispol'zovaniem zavershennyh fundamental'nyh issledovanij i NIOKR». Ekaterinburg: Nauka Servis. 2011. T. 1. S. 31–38.
9. Aviacija. Jenciklopedija [Aviation. Encyclopedia]. M.: Bol'shaja Rossijskaja jenciklopedija. 1994. S. 201.
10. Litye lopatki gazoturbinnyh dvigatelej: splavy, tehnologija, pokrytija [Alloy blades of gas turbine engines: alloys, technology, coverage] /Pod obshh. red. E.N. Kablova. 2-e izd. M.: Nauka. 2006. 632 s.
11. Kablov E.N., Bondarenko Ju.A., Echin A.B., Surova V.A. Razvitie processa napravlennoj kristallizacii lopatok GTD iz zharoprochnyh splavov s monokristallicheskoj i kompozicionnoj strukturoj [The development process of directional solidification of the gas turbine engine blades superalloys with a single-crystal structure and composition] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №1. S. 3–8.
12. Petrushin N.V., Svetlov I.L., Ospennikova O.G. Litejnye zharoprochnye nikelevye splavy [Casting nickel superalloys] //Vse materialy. Jenciklopedicheskij spravochnik. 2012. №5. S. 15–19.
13. Kablov E.N., Petrushin N.V., Svetlov I.L., Demonis I.M. Nikelevye litejnye zharoprochnye splavy novogo pokolenija [Casting nickel superalloys new generation] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №S. S. 36–52.
14. Ospennikova O.G. Temperaturnyj vzlet dlinoj v polveka [The temperature rise in the long half-century] //Nauka i zhizn'. 2012. №7. S. 26–28.
15. Sidorov V.V., Morozova G.I., Petrushin N.V., Kuleshova E.A. Fazovyj sostav i termosta-bil'nost' litejnogo zharoprochnogo nikelevogo splava s kremniem [Phase composition and thermal stability of the casting heat-resistant nickel alloy with silicon] //Metally. 1990. №1. S. 94–99.
16. Kablov E.N., Petrushin N.V., Bronfin M.B., Alekseev A.A. Osobennosti monokristallicheskih zharoprochnyh nikelevyh splavov, legirovannyh reniem [Features single-crystal high-temperature nickel alloys doped with rhenium] //Metally. 2006. №5. S. 47–57.
17. Ospennikova O.G., Svetlov I.L. Vysokotemperaturnye Nb–Si kompozity – zamena monokristallicheskim nikelevym zharoprochnym splavam [High-Nb-Si composites - replacing single crystal nickel superalloy] //Dvigatel'. 2010. №5(71). S. 36–37.
18. Kablov E.N., Petrushin N.V., Eljutin E.S. Monokristallicheskie zharoprochnye splavy dlja gazoturbinnyh dvigatelej [Single crystal superalloys for gas turbine engines] //Vestnik MGTU im. N.Je. Baumana. Ser. «Mashinostroenie». 2011. №SP2. S. 38–52.
19. Titov V.I., Gundobin N.V., Pilipenko L.V., Dvoreckov R.M. Opredelenie karbida kremnija i nitrida aljuminija v uplotnitel'nom materiale na osnove nikelja [Determination of silicon carbide and aluminum nitride in the sealing material based on nickel] //Trudy VIAM. 2014. №5. St. 03 (viam-works.ru).
20. Myshljaeva L.V., Krasnoshhekov V.V. Analiticheskaja himija kremnija [Analytical chem-istry of silicon]. M.: Nauka. 1972. 212 s.
21. Nikolaeva D.N. Soedinenija molibdovanadofosfornyh geteropolikislot s osnovnymi krasiteljami v fotometricheskih opredelenijah fosfora [Heteropoly compounds molybdenum-vanadium-phosphoric acids with basic dyes in photometric determination of phosphorus] //Talanta. 1973. V. 20. №8. P. 749–754.
Silicon is present in aluminum alloys in a wide range of concentrations – from a few hundredths of a percent in heat treatable alloys up to dozens of percent in casting alloys. Existing techniques for determination of silicon content in aluminum alloys are of low accuracy. To solve this problem, a method of silicon mass fraction measurement in aluminum-based alloys by atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES) in combination with microwave preparation of samples has been developed and certified. Mixture compositions for dissolving and microwave-induced decomposition parameters were selected. Limits of relative measurement error for Si mass fraction from 0,001 to 18% do not exceed 5% (±δ, at P=0,95).
2. Kablov E.N. Strategicheskie napravlenija razvitija materialov i tehnologij ih pererabotki na period do 2030 goda [Strategic directions of development of materials and technologies to process them for the period up to 2030] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №S. S. 7–17.
3. Kablov E.N., Ospennikova O.G., Vershkov A.V. Redkie metally i redkozemel'nye jelementy – materialy sovremennyh i budushhih vysokih tehnologij [Rare metals and rare earth elements - materials of current and future high-tech] //Trudy VIAM. 2013. №2. St. 01 (viam-works.ru).
4. Klochkov G.G., Grushko O.E., Popov V.I. i dr. Struktura, tehnologicheskie svojstva i sva-rivaemost' listov iz splava V-1341 sistemy Al–Mg–Si [Structure, processing properties and weldability of the alloy sheets B 1341 system Al-Mg-Si] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2011. №1. S. 3–8.
5. Klochkova Ju.Ju., Grushko O.E., Lancova L.P. i dr. Osvoenie v promyshlennom proizvodstve polufabrikatov iz perspektivnogo aljuminijlitievogo splava V-1469 [The development of industrial production of semi-finished prospective aluminum-lithium alloy B-1469] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2011. №1. S. 8–12.
6. Rjabov D.K., Kolobnev N.I., Samohvalov S.V., Mahsidov V.V. Vlijanie predvaritel'nogo estestvennogo starenija na svojstva splava 1913 v iskusstvenno sostarennom sostojanii [Effect of prior natural aging on the properties of the alloy 1913 in the artificially aged condition] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2013. №2. S. 8–11.
7. Mahsidov V.V., Kolobnev N.I., Karimova S.A., Sbitneva S.V. Vzaimosvjaz' struktury i korrozionnoj stojkosti v splave 1370 sistemy Al–Mg–Si–Cu–Zn [Interconnection structure and corrosion resistance of the alloy system 1370 Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №1. S. 8–13.
8. Matejko I.V., Shevchenko M.A., Kotova N.V., Sudavcova V.S. Termodinamicheskie svojstva splavov sistemy Al–Si [Thermodynamic properties of alloys of the Al-Si] //Zhurnal fizicheskoj himii. 2011. T. 85. №2. S. 212–218.
9. Prohorov A.Ju., Belov N.A., Alabin A.N. Osobennosti tehnologii plavki i lit'ja slitkov provodnikovyh aljuminievo-cirkonievyh splavov v promyshlennyh uslovijah [Technology features melting and casting ingots conductor aluminum-zirconium alloys in an industrial environment] //Litejshhik Rossii. 2010. №4. S. 30–34.
10. Brodova I.G., Chikova O.A., Vitjushin M.A. i dr. Osobennosti struktury diffuzionnyh sloev, obrazujushhihsja pri rastekanii rasplavov Al–Si po stali St3 [Features of the structure of the diffusion layers formed in the melt flow for Al-Si steel St3] //Fizika metallov i metallovedenie. 2010. T. 109. №6. S. 665–670.
11. GOST 11739.7–99. Splavy aljuminievye litejnye i deformiruemye. Metody opredelenija kremnija [Aluminum casting alloys and wrought. Methods for determination of silicon].
12. Pupyshev A.A., Danilova D.A. Ispol'zovanie atomno-jemissionnoj spektrometrii s induktivno-svjazannoj plazmoj dlja analiza materialov i produktov chernoj metallurgii [Using atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma for analysis of materials and products of ferrous metallurgy] //Analitika i kontrol'. 2007. №2–3. T. 11. S. 131–181.
13. Tormysheva E.A., Smirnova E.V., Ermolaeva T.N. Mikrovolnovaja probopodgotovka naplavochnyh materialov dlja analiza metodom atomno-jemissionnoj spektroskopii s induktivno-svjazannoj plazmoj [Microwave Sample Preparation surfacing materials for analysis by atomic emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma] //Zavodskaja laboratorija. Diagnostika materialov. 2010. T. 76. №10. S. 10–13.
14. Lidin R.A., Molochko V.A., Andreeva L.L. Himicheskie svojstva neorganicheskih veshhestv [The chemical properties of inorganic substances]. M.: Himija. 2000. 480 s.
Distribution of magnetic field induction over the surface of a planar magnetron target and its influence on properties uniformity of ITO coating produced by reactive magnetron deposition on polymer substrate with a width of 600 mm is hereby investigated. It was shown that the distribution alignment of the magnetic field induction in the sputtering zone of magnetron target allows to increase uniformity of thickness and electric properties of ITO coating deposited on a large-sized polymer film. Research trends to improve the technology of reactive magnetron deposition on the large-sized polymer substrate are hereby described.
2. Kablov E.N. Aviakosmicheskoe materialovedenie [Aerospace Materials] //Vse materialy. Jenciklopedicheskij spravochnik. 2008. №3. S. 2–14.
3. Kablov E.N. Aviacionnoe materialovedenie v XXI veke. Perspektivy i zadachi [Aeronautical Materials in the XXI century. Prospects and Challenges] /V kn. Aviacionnye materialy. Izbrannye trudy «VIAM» 1932–2002. M.: MISiS–VIAM. 2002. S. 23–47.
4. Krynin A.G., Hohlov Ju.A., Bogatov V.A., Kisljakov P.P. Prozrachnye interferencionnye pokrytija dlja funkcional'nyh materialov osteklenija [Transparent interference coatings for functional materials glazing] //Trudy VIAM. 2013. №11. St. 05 (viam-works.ru).
5. Bogatov V.A., Kondrashov S.V., Hohlov Ju.A. Mnogofunkcional'nye opticheskie pokrytija i materialy [Multifunctional optical coatings and materials] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №S. S. 343–348.
6. Hohlov Ju.A., Krynin A.G., Kisljakov P.P., Jurkov G.Ju. Proektirovanie steklopaketov, jekranirujushhih radiochastotnoe izluchenie [Design of double-glazed windows, radio-frequency radiation shielding] //Zhilishhnoe stroitel'stvo. 2013. №12. S. 34–36.
7. Bogatov V.A., Hohlov Ju.A. Mnogofunkcional'nye opticheskie pokrytija, poluchaemye metodami plazmennoj tehnologii, i sposoby kontrolja ih optiko-fizicheskih harakteristik [Multifunctional optical coatings produced by plasma technology, and how to control their optical and physical characteristics] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2001. №1. S. 93–99.
8. Kisljakov P.P., Hohlov Ju.A., Krynin A.G., Kondrashov S.V. Poluchenie i primenenie polimernoj plenki s prozrachnym jelektroprovodjashhim pokrytiem na osnove oksida indija, legirovannogo olovom [Preparation and use of a polymer film coated with a transparent conductive indium oxide doped with tin] //Trudy VIAM. 2013. №11. St. 06 (viam-works.ru).
9. Gorjanca T.C., Leonga D., Py C., Rotha D. Room temperature deposition of ITO using r.f. magnetron sputtering //Thin Solid Films. 2002. V. 413. P. 181–185.
10. Mientus R., Ellmer K. Reactive magnetron sputtering of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO): influence of argon pressure and plasma excitation mode //Surface and Coatings Technology. 2001. V. 142–144. P. 748–754.
11. Kuz'michev A.I. Magnetronnye raspylitel'nye sistemy. Kn. 1. Vvedenie v fiziku i tehniku magnetronnogo raspylenija [Magnetron sputtering system. Vol. 1. Introduction to the physics and technology of magnetron sputtering]. K.: Avers. 2008. 244 s.
12. Hohlov Ju.A., Krynin A.G., Bogatov V.A., Kisljakov P.P. Opticheskie konstanty tonkih plenok oksida indija, legirovannogo olovom, osazhdennyh na polijetilentereftalatnuju plenku metodom reaktivnogo magnetronnogo raspylenija (blizhnjaja infrakrasnaja oblast' spektra) [The optical constants of thin films of indium oxide doped with tin deposited on PET film by reactive magnetron sputtering (NIR)] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2013. №1. S. 24–28.
13. Bogatov V.A., Kondrashov S.V., Hohlov Ju.A. Poluchenie gradientnogo pokrytija oksinitrida aljuminija metodom reaktivnogo magnetronnogo raspylenija [Getting gradient coating aluminum oxynitride by reactive magnetron sputtering] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2010. №3. S. 19–21.
14. Kurdesau F., Khripunov G., da Cunha A.F. et al. Comparative study of ITO layers deposited by DC and RF magnetron sputtering at room temperature //Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 2006. V. 352. №19–20. P. 1466–1470.
15. Jeong S.H., Lee J.W., Lee S.B., Boo J.H. Deposition of aluminum-doped zincoxide films by RF magnetron sputtering and study of their structural, electrical and optical properties //Thin Solid Films. 2003. V. 435. P. 78–82.
16. Bogatov V.A., Zaharov S.S., Kisljakov P.P. i dr. Vlijanie rezhimov magnetronnogo napylenija na optiko-fizicheskie svojstva mednyh nanopokrytij [Influence of magnetron sputtering on the optical and physical properties of nano-copper] //Nanomaterialy i nanotehnologii. 2011. №4. S. 45–53.
17. Marchenko V.A. Processy na poverhnosti misheni pri reaktivnom raspylenii V v Ar–O2 sredah [Processes on the target surface during reactive sputtering V in Ar–O2 environments] //Izvestija RAN. Serija fizicheskaja. 2009. T. 73. №7. S. 920–923.
18. Hohlov Ju.A., Bogatov V.A., Berezin N.M. Stabilizacija reaktivnogo magnetronnogo osazhdenija magnitnym polem [Stabilization of reactive magnetron sputtering magnetic field] //Fizika i himija obrabotki materialov. 2012. №5. S. 46–50.
19. Komlev A.E., Shapovalov V.I., Shutova N.S. Magnetronnyj razrjad v srede argona i kisloroda pri osazhdenii plenki oksida titana [Magnetron discharge in argon and oxygen in the deposition of titanium oxide films] //ZhTF. 2012. T. 82. №7. S. 134–136.
20. Bogatov V.A., Hohlov Ju.A., Sytyj Ju.V., Zhadova N.S. Vlijanie obrabotki v razrjade s zamknutym drejfom jelektronov na adgezionnye svojstva i prochnost' kleevyh soedinenij polimerov [The effect of treatment in the discharge with closed electron drift on the adhesive properties and bonding strength polymers] //Klei. Germetiki. Tehnologii. 2011. №9. S. 27–31.
21. Krynin A.G., Hohlov Ju.A. Opticheskie harakteristiki termostabilizirovannoj polijetilen-tereftalatnoj plenki, ispol'zuemoj dlja funkcional'nyh materialov osteklenija [Optical characteristics thermostabilized polyethylene terephthalate film used for functional materials glazing] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2013. №4. S. 31–34.
22. Krylova T.N. Interferencionnye pokrytija [Interference coatings]. L.: Mashinostroenie. 1973. 224 s.
The 3D microscopic control of materials surface aimed to characterize their corro-sion and aging while exposing in open air is hereby justified. The statistical parameters of the samples surface were identified for each individual type of material and the ex-posure conditions and duration. The binder degradation effect on the surface of polymer composite materials exposed to the direct sunlight is considered.
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