Archive - Электронный научный журнал "ТРУДЫ ВИАМ"

Articles

№1 | №2 | №3 | №4-5 | №6-7 | №8 | №9 | №10 | №11 | №12

dx.doi.org/ 10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-3-3-12

УДК 621.745.3

Kablov E.N., Echin A.B., Bondarenko Yu.A.

History of development of directional crystallization technology and equipment for casting blades of gas turbine engines

The paper summarizes the history of the development of technology of directional crystallization and melting and pouring equipment for the production of blades of gas turbine engines from heat-resistant alloys with directional and single-crystal structure in Russia and abroad. It is shown how the conditions of directed crystallization affect the structure of Nickel heat-resistant alloys. The characteristics of industrial plants developed in FSUE «VIAM» with a computer system for controlling the parameters of the technological process, as well as the ways of their further development are given.

Read in Russian

Reference list

1. Foundry heat-resistant alloys. Effect S.T. Kishkina. Ed. E.N. Kablov. Moscow: Nauka, 2006, 272 p.
2. The history of aviation materials science: VIAM – 75 years of search, creativity, discoveries. Ed. E.N. Kablov. Moscow: Nauka, 2007, 343 p.
3. Cast blades of gas turbine engines: alloys, technologies, coatings. Ed. E.N. Kablov. 2nd ed. Moscow: Nauka, 2006, 632 p.
4. Chumakov V. A., Stepanov V. M., Verin A. S. The technology of casting blades of gas turbine engines by the method of directed crystallization. Liteynoe proizvodstvo, 1978, no. 1, pp. 23–24.
5. Apparatus for Casting of Directionally Solidified Articles: pat. US3763926; filed 15.09.71; publ. 09.10.73.
6. Method and apparatus for melting and casting metal: pat. US3841384; filed 30.01.73; publ. 12.11.74.
7. Apparatus and Method for Directional Solidification: pat. US3897815; filed 01.11.73; publ. 05.08.75.
8. Giamei A.F., Tschinkel J.G. Liquid Metal Cooling: A New Solidification Technique. Metallurgical Transactions A, 1976, vol. 7A, p. 1427–1434.
9. Kablov E.N., Bondarenko Yu.A., Echin A.B., Surova V.A. Development of process of the directed crystallization of blades of GTE from hot strength alloys with single-crystal and composition structure. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2012, no. 1, pp. 3–8.
10. Kablov E.N., Bondarenko Yu.A., Echin A.B. Development of technology of cast superalloys directional solidification with variable controlled temperature gradient. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 24–38. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-24-38.
11. Kablov E.N., Gerasimov V.V., Visik E.M., Demonis I.M. Role of the directed crystallization in the resource-saving production technology of details of GTE. Trudy VIAM, 2013, no. 3, paper no. 01. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: December 16, 2019).
12. Stroganov G.B., Logunov A.V., Gerasimov V.V. et al. High-speed directional crystallization. Liteynoe proizvodstvo, 1983, no. 1, pp. 20–22.
13. Gerasimov V.V., Morozova G.I., Tarasova I.M. About the chemical nature of «scallops» in the production of single-crystal vanes from heat-resistant nickel alloys. Tekhnologiya metallov, 2000, no. 7, pp. 7–8.
14. Bondarenko Yu.A., Kablov E.N., Morozova G.I. The effect of high-gradient directional crystallization on the structure and phase composition of the heat-resistant alloy type RENE-N5. Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov, 1999, no. 2, pp. 15–18.
15. Bondarenko Yu.A., Kablov E.N. Directional crystallization of heat-resistant alloys with a high temperature gradient. Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov, 2002, no. 7, pp. 20–23.
16. Kablov E.N., Bondarenko Yu.A., Kablov D.E. Features of structure and heat resisting properties of monocrystals of <001> high-rhenium nickel hot strength alloys received in the conditions of high-gradient directed crystallization. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2011, no. 4, pp. 25–31.
17. Hugo F., Betz U., Ren J., Huang S.-C., Bondarenko J. Casting of directionally solidified and single crystal components using liquid metal cooling (LMC): Results from experimental trials and computer simulations. Proceeding International Symposium on Liquid Metal Processing and Casting. Santa Fe: VMD AVS, 1999, pp. 16–30.
18. Echin A.B., Bondarenko Yu.A. New industrial high-gradient UVNS-6 for manufacture of GTE blades and other parts from casting heat-resistant and intermetallic alloys with single-crystal structure. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2014, No. 4, pp. 31–36. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2014-0-4-31-36.
19. Raevskikh A.N. Investigation of the microstructure and properties of a niobium-silicon eutectic composite obtained by directional crystallization in a liquid metal cooler. Voprosy materialovedeniya, 2017, no. 2 (90), pp. 68–76.
20. Gerasimov VV, Kolyadov EV Technical characteristics and technological capabilities of UVNK-9A and VIP-NK installations for producing single-crystal castings from heat-resistant alloys. Liteyshchik Rossii, 2012, no. 11, pp. 33–38.
21. Bondarenko Yu.A. Trends in the development of high-temperature metal materials and technologies in the production of modern aircraft gas turbine engines. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2019, no. 2 (55), pp. 3–11. DOI: 10.18577 / 2071-9140-2019-0-2-3-11.
22. Kablov E.N. Innovative developments of FSUE «VIAM» SSC of RF on realization of «Strategic directions of the development of materials and technologies of their processing for the period until 2030». Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2015, no. 1 (34), pp. 3–33. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2015-0-1-3-33.

dx.doi.org/ 10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-3-13-29

УДК 669.017.165:669.018.44

Petrushin N.V., Elyutin E.S., Chabina E.B.

Phase and structural transformations in directionally solidified with plant front intermetallic eutectic Ni-based alloys

Ingots of samples of eutectic intermetallic nickel-base alloys γʹ+β, β+δ(Re), γʹ+NbC and γ/γʹ+NbC with natural composite structure respectively of the systems Ni–Al–W, Ni–Al–Re, Ni–Al–Nb–C and Ni–Al–Cr–Co–W–Mo–Nb–C are produced by the method of directional solidification with a plan front. Investigation are produced characteristics of the eutectic composites microstructure and phase composition, segregation of alloying elements along the composite zone of ingot, solidus temperature, liquidus temperature, volume fraction fibers δ(Re) and NbC in eutectic composites. For samples eutectic composite system Ni–Al–Cr–Cr–W–Mo–Nb–C with heterophase matrix base γʹ phase reinforced fibers of NbC-carbide tensile tests were performed in the temperature interval 20–1200 °С and long-term strength in the temperature interval 900–1200 °С at bases up to 1000 h.

Read in Russian

Reference list

1. Cast blades of gas turbine engines: alloys, technologies, coatings. Ed. E.N. Kablov. 2nd ed. Moscow: Nauka, 2006, 632 p.
2. Kablov E.N. Innovative developments of FSUE «VIAM» SSC of RF on realization of «Strategic directions of the development of materials and technologies of their processing for the period until 2030». Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2015, no. 1 (34), pp. 3–33. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2015-0-1-3-33.
3. Walston S., Cetel A., MacKay R. et al. Joint development of a fourth generation single crystal superalloy. Superalloys-2004. Pennsylvania: Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 2004, pp. 15–24.
4. Harada H. Development of Superalloys for 1700 °C ultra-efficient gas turbines. Proceedings 9th Liège Conference «Materials for Advanced Power Engineering 2010». Liège: University of Liège, 2010, pp. 604–614.
5. Sato A., Harada H., Yen An-C. et al. A 5th generation SC superalloy with balanced high temperature properties and processability. Superalloys-2008. Pennsylvania: Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 2008, pp. 131–138.
6. Petrushin N.V., Ospennikova O.G., Svetlov I.L. Single-crystal Ni-based superalloys for turbine blades of advanced gas turbine engines. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 72−103. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-72-103.
7. Buntushkin V.P., Kablov E.N., Bazyleva O.A. Mechanical and operational properties of a heat-resistant foundry alloy based on Ni3Al intermetallic. Metally, 1995, no. 3, pp. 70–73.
8. Buntushkin V.P., Povarova K.B., Bannykh O.A. et al. Effect of crystallographic orientation on the mechanical properties of single crystals of doped Ni3Al intermetallic. Metally, 1998, no. 2, pp. 49–53.
9. Kablov E.N., Ospennikova O.G., Bazyleva O.A. Foundry structural alloys based on nickel aluminide. Dvigatel, 2010, no. 4, pp. 24–25.
10. Bazyleva O.A., Arginbaeva E.G., Turenko E.Yu. Heat resisting cast intermetallic alloys. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2012, no. S, pp. 57–60.
11. Bazyleva O.A., Arginbaeva E.G., Turenko E.Yu. The high-temperature intermetallic alloys for parts of gas-turbine engines. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2013, no. 3, pp. 26–31.
12. Kablov E.N., Ospennikova O.G., Petrushin N.V. New single crystal heat-resistant intermetallic γʹ-based alloy for GTE blades. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2015, no. 1 (34), pp. 34–40. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2015-0-1-34-40.
13. Ni3Al-based intermetallic alloys having improved strength above 850 °C: pat. US6106640 A; filed 08.06.98, publ. 22.08.00.
14. Ni3Al-based alloys for die and tool application: pat. US6238620B1; filed 15.09.99; publ. 29.05.01.
15. Trinickel aluminide-base heat-resistant alloy: pat. US2001/0013383A1; filed 06.02.01; publ. 16.08.01.
16. Nickel aluminide alloy for high temperature structural use: pat US5006308; filed 09.06.89; publ. 09.04.91.
17. Povarova K.B., Kazanskaya N.K., Drozdov A.A., Antonova A.V. Studying the possibility of creating thermally stable structural materials based on transition metal aluminides of the Ni–Al–X, Ru–Al–X, Ti–Al–X systems, where X is an alloying element or phase. Metally, 2005, no. 2, pp. 78–87.
18. Povarova K.B., Drozdov A.A., Kazanskaya N.K., Morozov A.E., Antonova A.V. Physicochemical approaches to the development of NiAl-based alloys for high-temperature service. Metally, 2011, no. 2, pp. 48–62.
19. Petrushin N.V., Bronfin M.B., Chabina E.B., Dyachkova L.A. Phase transformations and the structure of directionally crystallized Ni–Al–Re intermetallic alloys. Metally, 1994, no. 4, pp. 85–93.
20. Joslin S.M., Chen X.F., Oliver B.F., Noebe R.D. Fracture behavior of directional solidified NiAl–Mo and NiAl–V eutectics. Materials Science Engineering A, 1995, vol, 196, is. 1–2, pp. 9–18.
21. Nickel-based alloy and a product made from it: pat. 2187572 Rus. Federation; filed 16.11.00; publ. 20.08.02.
22. Kupchenko G.V., Poko O.A., Mayonov A.V., Kupchenko V.G. Directionally crystallized corrosion-resistant eutectic alloys of the Ni – Cr – Al system. Modern methods and technologies for the creation and processing of materials: collection of articles. materials III International scientific and technical conf. (Minsk, October 15–17, 2008): in 4 books. Minsk: FTI NAS of Belarus, 2008, book. 1: Multifunctional materials in modern technology, micro- and nanoelectronics, pp. 18–22.
23. Gorynin I.V., Burkhanov G.S., Farmakovsky B.V. Promising development of structural materials based on refractory compounds. Voprosy materialovedeniya, 2012, no. 2 (70), pp. 5–15.
24. Que Z.P., Gu J.H., Choi H.K., Jung Y.G., Lee J.H. Lamellar to rod eutectic transition in the hypereutectic nickel-aluminum alloy. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2014, vol. 1, is. 1, pp. 17–24.
25. Bremer F.J., Beyss M., Karthaus E. at al. Experimental analysis of the Ni–Al phase diagram. Journal of Crystal Grows, 1988, vol. 87, pp. 185–192.
26. Hunziker O., Kurz W. Directional solidification and phase equilibria in the Ni–Al system. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 1999, vol. 30, is. 12, pp. 3167–3175.
27. Udovsky A.L., Alekseeva Z.M., Lukovkin A.I. On the phase equilibrium diagram of the nickel – aluminum – tungsten system in the range 1200–2000 ° С in the range of Ni–Ni0.5Al0.5–W compositions. Doklady AN SSSR, 1986, vol. 286, no. 4, pp. 935–939.
28. Udovsky A.L., Oldakovsky I.V., Moldavsky V.G. Theoretical and experimental studies of phase equilibria of the Ni – NiAl – W system in the range 900–1500 ° С. Metally, 1991, no. 4, pp. 112–123.
29. Giamei A.F., Anton D.L. Rhenium addition to a Ni-base superalloy: Effects on microstructure. Metallurgical Transaction A, 1985, vol. 16A, is. 11, pp. 1997–2005.
30. Webber J.G., Van Aken D.C. Studies of a quasy-binary β-NiAl and α-Re eutectic. Scripta Metallurgica, 1989, vol. 23, is. 2, pp. 193–196.
31. Barabash O.M., Koval Yu.N. The crystal structure of metals and alloys. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1986, 598 p.
32. Leiderman G.M., Nikolaeva V.A. Interaction of NbC and ZrC with Ni. Izvestiya AN SSSR, ser.: Neorganicheskiye materialy, 1973, vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 1721–1723.
33. Somov A.I., Tikhonovsky M.A., Oleksienko M.M., Golovin V.N. The influence of the composition and crystallization conditions on the microstructure and strength of the eutectic composition Ni–NbC. Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, 1979, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 318–322.
34. Gridnev V.N., Barabash O.M., Easy T.N. Phase equilibria and structure of directionally crystallized alloys of the Ni–Nb–C system. Izvestiya AN SSSR, ser.: Metally, 1985, no. 6, pp. 211–217.
35. Shurin A.K. Investigation of phase equilibria and the structure of alloys with interstitial phases for the tasks of developing materials with composite hardening. Fazovye ravnovesiya v metallicheskikh splavakh. Moscow: Nauka, 1981, pp. 209–217.
36. Svetlov I.L., Petrushin N.V. Heat-resistant eutectic alloys. Mashinostroyenie: Encyclopedia: in 4 vols. Moscow: Mashinostroyenie, 2001. Vol. II-3: Non-ferrous metals and alloys. Composite materials, pp. 810–813.
37. Yang S.W. Ni-base MC-carbide reinforced eutectic alloys for jet engine application. Proceedings of NCKU/AAS International Symposium on Engineering Sciences and Mechanics. National Cheng Kung University, 1981, pp. 1525–1537.
38. Veys J.M., Mevrel R. Influence of protective coatings on the mechanical properties of CMSX-2 and Cotac 784. Materials Science and Engineering, 1987, vol. 88, pp. 253–260.
39. Dannemann K., Stoloff N.S., Duquette D.J. High temperature fatigue of three nickel-base eutectic composite. Materials Science and Engineering, 1987, vol. 95, pp. 63–71.
40. Shalin R.E., Svetlov I.L., Kachanov E.B., Toloraya V.N., Gavrilin O.S. Single crystals of heat-resistant nickel alloys. Moscow: Engineering, 1997. 336 p.
41. Thomson E.R., Lemke F.D. Eutectic heat-resistant alloys obtained by directional crystallization. Composite materials: in 8 vols. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1978. Vol. 4: Composite materials with a metal matrix, pp. 110–164.
42. Petrushin N.V., Elyutin E.S., Raevskikh A.N., Treninkov I.A. High-gradient directional solidification of intermetallic Ni–Al–Ta alloy based on Ni3Al, strengthened by TaC-phase. Trudy VIAM, 2017, no. 3, paper no. 01, Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: December 2, 2019). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2017-0-3-1-1.
43. Kurtz V., Deputy P.R. Directional crystallization of eutectic materials. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1980, 274 pp.
44. Chabina E.B., Alekseev A.A., Filonova E.V., Lukina E.A. Application of methods of analytical microscopy and X-ray of the structural analysis for research of structural and phase condition of materials. Trudy VIAM, 2013, no. 5, paper no. 06. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: December 12, 2019).
45. Gigliotte M.F.X., Henry M.F. Segregation in a plane front solidified γ/γʹ-TaC alloy. Proceedings of Conference on in Situ Composites II. Lexington: Xerox Individualized Publishing, 1976. P. 253–265.
46. Petrushin N.V., Eljutin E.S., Dzhioeva E.S., Nazarkin R.M. Structural-phase characteristics of heat-resistant γ/γʹ-NbC eutectic composites containing rhenium and ruthenium. Perspektivnye materialy, 2015, no3, pp. 22–33.
47. Portnoy K.I., Babich B.N., Svetlov I.L. Nickel-based composite materials. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1979, 263 p.
48. Stolof N.S. The mechanical properties of directional eutectics. Achievements in the field of composite materials. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1982, pp. 189–220.

dx.doi.org/ 10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-3-30-40

УДК 669.017

Konokotin S.P., Iatsyuk I.V., Dobrynin D.A., Azarovskiy E.N.

Influence of yttrium on the quality of cast billets from alloys based on aluminum

The coating method developed by VIAM is based on high-energy vacuum-plasma technology, where cast tube cathodes made including aluminum alloys are used as the sprayed material. In order to identify gas pores in cast tube cathodes from an aluminum-based alloy containing from 3,0 to 5,0% yttrium, metallographic studies of samples taken from different parts of the castings subjected to crystallization at different speeds were carried out. Based on the studies, the causes of the formation of gas pores in the molded structure of the tube cathodes are identified and recommendations are given for improving the technology for their elimination.

Read in Russian

Reference list

dx.doi.org/ 10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-3-41-48

УДК 678.072

Tkachuk A.I., Terekhov I.V., Afanaseva E.A.

Reactive type flame retardants for epoxy resins. Part 1

The first part of the paper considers the combustion mechanism of polymer materials and the widely used traditional and new promising halogenated and organophosphorus reactive type flame retardants for epoxy resins, which contribute to reducing the combustibility of polymer materials for various purposes without significantly reducing their heat resistance and mechanical properties are given. In particular, a wide range of compounds based on phosphates and derivatives of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide are described. The effects of these additives and their mechanism of action are shown.

Read in Russian

Reference list

1. Kablov E.N. Chemistry in Aviation Materials Science. Rossiyskiy khimicheskiy zhurnal, 2010, vol. LIV, no. 1, pp. 3–4.
2. Kablov E.N. Aviation materials science: results and prospects. Vestnik Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, 2002, vol. . 72. No. 1. S. 3–12.
3. Donetskiy K.I., Karavayev R.Yu., Tsybin A.I., Veshkin E.A., Mikhaldykin E.S. Constructional fiberglass plastic for manufacturing of enclosing sheeting elements. Aviacionnyye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. 3 (48), pp. 56–64. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-3-56-64.
4. Ivanov N.V., Gurevich Ya.M., Khaskov M.A., Akmeev A.R. Mode studying curing binding VSE-34 and its influences on mechanical properties. Aviacionnyye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. 2 (47), pp. 50–55. DOI: 10.18577 / 2071-9140-2017-0-2-50-55.
5. Aseeva R.M., Zaik G.E. Reduced flammability of polymeric materials. Moscow: Znaniye, 1981, 64 p.
6. Barbotko S.L. Determination of fire hazard characteristics of glues and self-adhesive materials. Klei. Germetiki. Tekhnologii, 2019, no. 4, pp. 23–29.
7. Barbotko S. L., Volny O. S., Veshkin E. A., Goncharov V. A. Assessment of fire resistance of materials and structural elements for aircraft. Aviatsionnaya promyshlennost, 2018, no. 2, pp. 63–67.
8. Lu S.Y., Hamerton I. Recent developments in the chemistry of halogen-free flame retardant polymers. Progress in Polymer Science, 2002, no. 27, pp. 1661–1712.
9. Terekhov I.V. Functional oligomeric aryloxycyclotriphosphazenes and polymer compositions based on them: thesis, Cand. Sc. (Chem.). Moscow: RKhTU, 2014, 124 s.
10. Barbotko S.L., Volny O.S., Kirienko O.A., Shurkova E.N. Analysis of the main areas of research carried out by foreign organizations involved in the fire safety of aviation equipment and aerospace materials (review). Problemy bezopasnosti poletov, 2018, no. 2, pp. 3–35.
11. Terekhov I.V., Shlenskiy V.A., Kurshev E.V., Lonskiy S.L., Dyatlov V.A. Researches of factors affecting the formation of epoxy-containing microcapsules for the self-healing compositions. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2018, no. 3 (52), pp. 27–34. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2018-0-3-27-34.
12. Kablov E.N. Materials and chemical technologies for aircraft engineering. Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2012, vol. 82, no. 3, p. 158–167.
13. Petrova A.P., Lukina N.F., Isaev A.Yu. Epoxy adhesives and their use. Klei. Germetiki. Tekhnologii, 2019, no. 10, pp. 37–42.
4. Kablov E.N. Innovative developments of FSUE «VIAM» SSC of RF on realization of «Strategic directions of the development of materials and technologies of their processing for the period until 2030». Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2015, no. 1 (34), pp. 3–33. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2015-0-1-3-33.
15. Horrocks A.R., Price D. Fire retardant materials. Abington: Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2001, 429 p.
16. Sheinbaum M., Sheinbaum L., Weizman O. et al. Toughening and enhancing mechanical and thermal properties of adhesives and glass-fiber reinforced epoxy composites by brominated epoxy. Composites. Part B: Engineering, 2019, Vol. 165, P. 604–612.
17. Batizat D.V., Anikhovskaya L.I., Barbotko S.L., Sakharov A.M., Yarosh A.A. Non-combustible adhesive compositions based on brominated epoxy resins for the manufacture of film adhesives and adhesive prepregs for structural purposes. Klei. Germetiki. Tekhnologii, 2016, no. 2, pp. 9–14.
18. BarontiniF., Cozzani V., Petarca L. Calorimetric and Kinetic Analysis of the Diglycidyl Ether of the Bisphenol A/Tetrabromobisphenol A Reaction for the Production of Linear Brominated Epoxy Resins. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2000, vol. 39, p. 855–863.
19. Wikoff D., Thompson C., Perry C. et al. Development of toxicity values and exposure estimates for tetrabromobisphenol A: application in a margin of exposure assessment. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2015, vol. 35 (11), pp. 1292–1308.
20. Colnot T., Kacew S., Dekant W. Mammalian toxicology and human exposures to the flame retardant 2,2′,6,6′-tetrabromo-4,4′-isopropylidenediphenol (TBBPA): implications for risk assessment. Archives of Toxicology, 2014, vol. 88, pp. 553–573.
21. Mixture of epoxy resin, epoxide group-containing P compound, P-modified epoxy resin and polyamine: pat. US6201074; filed 10.09.97; publ. 13.03.01.
22. Flame retardant casting resins as moulding compounds: pat. EP0412425; filed 01.08.90; publ. 11.13.96.
23. Levchik S.V., Wang C.-S. P-based flame retardants in halogen-free laminates. On Board Technology, 2007, vol. 4, p. 18–20.
24. Flame retardant epoxy resin composition: pat. US6353080; filed 25.06.98; publ. 05.03.02.
25. Kornilov K.N. Oligomeric derivatives of dihydric phenols and phosphorus-containing acids: Recent studies. Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements, 2017, vol. 192, pp. 896–904.
26. Derouet D., Morvan F,.Brosse J.C. Chemical modification of epoxy resins by dialkyl (or aryl) phosphate: evaluation of fire behavior and thermal stability. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1996, vol. 62 (11), pp. 1855–1868.
27. Jian R., Ai Y., Xia L. et al. Single component phosphamide-based intumescent flame retardant with potential reactivity towards low flammability and smoke epoxy resins. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2019, vol. 371, pp. 529–539.
28. Jin S., Qian L., Qiu Y. et al. High-efficiency flame retardant behavior of bi-DOPO compound with hydroxyl group on epoxy resin. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2019, vol. 166, pp. 344–352.
29. Yan W., Wang K., Huang W. et al. Synergistic effects of phenethyl-bridged DOPO derivative with Al(OH)3 on flame retardancy for epoxy resins. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials. 2019. Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25740881.2019.1695269 (accessed: February 03, 2020). DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2019.1695269.
30. Ciesielski M., Schäfer A., Döring M. Novel efficient DOPO based flame retardants for PWB relevant epoxy resins with high glass transition temperatures. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 2008, vol. 19, no. 6, p. 507–515.
31. Epoxy resin rendered flame retardant by reaction with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide: pat. US6291627; filed 10.11.99; publ. 18.09.01.
32. Wang C.S., Shien J.Y. Phosphorus containing epoxy resin for an electronic application. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1999, vol. 73, p. 353–361.
33. Rakotomalala M., Wagner,S., Döring M. Recent Developments in Halogen Free Flame Retardants for Epoxy Resins for Electrical and Electronic Applications. Materials, 2010, vol. 3, pp. 4300–4327.
34. Wang C.S., Shieh J.Y. Synthesis and properties of epoxy resins containing 2-(6-oxid-6H-dibenz [c,e] [1,2] oxaphosphorin-6-yl)1,4-benzenediol. Polymer, 1998, vol. 39 (23), pp. 5819–5826.
35. Cho C.S., Fu S.C., Chen L.W., Wu T.R. Aryl phosphinate anhydride curing for flame retardant epoxy networks. Polymer International, 1998, vol. 47 (20), pp. 203–209.
36. Seibold S., Schäfer A., Lohstroh W. et al. Phosphorus-containing terephthaldialdehyde adducts – structure determination and their application as flame retardants in epoxy resins. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2008, vol. 108 (1), pp. 264–271.
37. Wang C.S., Lin C.H. Properties and curing kinetics of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A cured with a phosphorus-containing diamine. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1999, vol. 74 (7), pp. 1635–1645.
38. Xu Y., Chen L., Rao W. et al. Latent curing epoxy system with excellent thermal stability, flame retardance and dielectric property. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018, vol. 347, p. 223–232.

dx.doi.org/ 10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-3-49-57

УДК 678.8

Valueva M.I., Kolobkov A.S., Malakhovskiy S.S.

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene: market, properties, directions of application (review)

The article provides an overview of scientific and technical information in the field of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), information on foreign and Russian manufacturers of UHMWPE, release forms, data on the assortment and properties of fibers and fabrics from UHMWPE of various manufacturers, an overview of applications, ongoing research and prospects development of work in this area. Including data is provided on the rapidly developing market of UHMWPE products manufactured by Chinese manufacturers, as well as on Russian developments in the field of UHMWPE.

Read in Russian

Reference list

1. Kablov E.N. Materials of a new generation – the basis of innovation, technological leadership and national security of Russia. Intellekt i tekhnologii, 2016, no. 2 (14), pp. 16–21.
2. Kablov E.N. The role of chemistry in the creation of new generation materials for complex technical systems. Tez. dokl. XX Mendeleyevskogo sezda po obshchey i prikladnoy khimii. Ekaterinburg: UrO RAN, 2016, pp. 25–26.
3. Buznik V. M., Kablov E. N., Koshurina A. A. Materials for complex technical devices of the Arctic application. Nauchno-tekhnicheskiye problemy osvoyeniya Arktiki. Moscow: Nauka, 2015, pp. 275–285.
4. Kablov E.N., Startsev V.O. Systematical analysis of the climatics influence on mechanical properties of the polymer composite materials based on domestic and foreign sources (review). Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2018, no. 2 (51), pp. 47–58. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2018-0-2-47-58.
5. Tkachuk A.I., Terekhov I.V., Gurevich Ya.M., Grigoreva K.N. Research of the influence of the modifying additives nature on the rheological and thermomechanical properties of a photopolymer composition based on epoxy vinyl ester resin. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2019, No. 3 (56), pp. 31–40. DOI: 10.18577 / 2071-9140-2019-0-3-31-40.
6. Erasov V.S. Visualization of mechanical testing processes and experimental data processing via 3D-presentation. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2014, no. S4, pp. 22–28. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2014-0-s4-22-28.
7. Kosarina E.I., Krupnina O.A., Demidov A.A., Mikhaylova N.A. Digital optical pattern and its dependence on the radiation image at non-destructive testing by method of digital radiography. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2019, no. 1 (54), pp. 37–42. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2019-0-1-37-42.
8. Krivushina A.A., Bobyreva T.V., Yakovenko T.V., Nikolaev E.V. Methods of microorganisms-destructors storage in FSUE «VIAM» collection (review). Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2019, No. 3 (56), pp. 89–94. DOI: 10.18577 / 2071-9140-2019-0-3-89-94.
9. Valueva M.I. Modern materials and technologies for obtaining armored products. Voprosy materialovedeniya, 2017, no. 2, pp. 197–207.
10. Valueva M.I., Zhelezina G.F., Gulyaev I.N. Polymer composite materials of increased̆ wear resistance based on ultra high molecular weight polyethylene. Vse materialy. Entsiklopedicheskiy spravochnik¸ 2017, no. 6, pp. 23–29.
11. Mikhaylin Yu.A. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (part 1). Polimernyye materialy, 2003, no. 3, pp. 18–21.
12. Mikhaylin Yu.A. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (part 2). Polimernyye materialy, 2003, no. 4, pp. 24–27.
13. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene market (UHMWPE) by form (sheets, rods & tubes), end-use industry (aerospace, defense, & shipping, healthcare & medical, mechanical equipment), region - global forecast to 2021. Available at: https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/ultra-high-molecular-weight-polyethylene-market-257883188.html (accessed: November 11, 2019).
14. Gautam Y.R., Singh S., Verma M.K. Application of UHMWPE fiber based composite material. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327221940 (accessed: November 11, 2019).
15. Sergeeva E.A., Kostina K.D. Methods for producing composites and products based on fabric from UHMWPE and rubber for the production of fuel tanks. Vestnik Kazanskogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta, 2014, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 101–105.
16. Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) market size, share & trends analysis report by product (medical grade & prosthetics, fibers, sheet, r), by application, and segment sorecasts, 2019–2025. Available at: https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/ultra-high-molecular-weight-polyethylene-market (accessed: November 11, 2019).
17. Ianucci L., Pope D.J., Dalzell M. A constitutive model for DYNEEMA UD composites. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286130335_A_constitutive_model_for_dyneema_UD_composites (accessed: November 11, 2019).
18. Marissen R., Duurkoop D., Hoefnagels H., Bergsma O.K. Creep forming of high strength polyethylene fiber prepregs for the production of ballistic protection helmets. Composites Science and Technology, 2010, no. 70, pp. 1184–1188.
19. Galibeev S.S., Khayrullin R.Z., Arkhireev V.P. Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene. Trends and Prospects. Vestnik Kazanskogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta, 2008, no. 2, pp. 50–55.
20. Adashkevich S.V., Bakaev A.G., Zhigulin D.V., Markevich M.I., Stelmakh V.F., Chaplanov A.M., Scherbakova E.N. Properties of a composite based on ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene. Materialy 9 Mezhdunar. nauch.-tekhn. konf. «Priborostroyeniye-2016» (Minsk, November 23–25, 2016). Minsk: BNTU, 2016, pp. 246–247.
21. Products of Teijin Aramid B.V. Available at: http://www.teijinaramid.com/en (accessed: November 11, 2019).
22. Belyaeva E.A., Kosolapov A.F., Osipchik V.S. et el. The effect of modifiers of various chemical nature on the operational properties of epoxyamine binders for composites based on fibers from UHMWPE. Plasticheskiye massy, 2019, no. 7–8, pp. 57–61.
23. Sergeeva EA, Ibatullina A.R., Brysaev A.S. Strength characteristics of composite materials based on plasma-activated ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers. Vestnik Kazanskogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta, 2012, no. 18, pp. 133–135.
24. Pakhomov P.M., Khizhnyak S.D., Golikova A.Yu., Galitsyn V.P. Structural rearrangements during gel-forming of high-strength polymer fibers. Fizika tverdogo tela, 2005, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 994–999.
25. OXEA Werk Ruhrchemie. Available at: http://www.ruhrchemie.de/ueberblick/geschichte.html (accessed: November 11, 2019).
26. Global and China ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) industry. Report, 2019–2025. Available at: https://www.marketresearch.com/Research-in-China-v3266/Global-China-Ultra-High-Molecular-12403936 (accessed: November 11, 2019).
27. Selyutin G.E., Gavrilov Yu.Yu., Voskresenskaya E.N., Zakharov V.A., Nikitin V.E., Poluboyarov V.A. Composite materials based on ultra high molecular weight polyethylene: properties, prospects for use. Khimiya v interesakh ustoychivogo razvitiya. 2010, no. 18. S. 375–388.
28. Kurtz S.M. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in total joint replacement: UHMWPE handbook. Elsevier Academic Press, 2004, 337 p.
29. Vishnyakova E.A., Selyutin G.E., Gavrilov Yu.Yu. et al. Obtaining composites based on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene with bactericidal properties. Journal of Siberian Federal University. Chemistry 4. 2013, no. 6, pp. 372–379.
30. Global and China ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) industry. Report, 2017–2021. Available at: http://www.researchinchina.com/htmls/report/2017/10432.html (accessed: November 11, 2019).
31. High-strength, high-modulus polyethylene fiber Dyneema®. Available at: http://download.unitexrussia.ru/DSM_Dyneema_factsheet_UHMWPE-RUS.pdf (accessed: November 11, 2019).
32. Abrasion and impact resistance with excellent mechanical properties. Available at: https://celanese.com/engineered-materials/products/gur-uhmw-pe.aspx (accessed: November 11, 2019).
33. BraskemUTEC. Available at: https://www.braskem.com.br/utec (accessed: November 11, 2019).
34. Lupolen UHM 5000. Available at: https://www.lyondellbasell.com/en/polymers/p/Lupolen-UHM-5000/c452d062-5073-4b19-ad79-383bf90a7e90 (accessed: November 11, 2019).
35. Products and support of Beijing protech new material science Co., Ltd. Available at: http://www.chn-protech.com (accessed: November 11, 2019).
36. Products of Jiangsu Dongrun Safety Technology Co., Ltd. Available at: http://www.dongrunsafety.com (accessed: November 11, 2019).
37. Products of Jiangxi Great Wall Protection Equipment Industry Co., Ltd. Available at: http://www.chinaccgk.com (accessed: November 11, 2019).
38. Sinty UHMWPE fiber. Available at: http://www.sintyfiber.com (accessed: November 11, 2019).
39. China uhmwpe fiber. Available at: https://www.alibaba.com/countrysearch/CN/uhmwpe-fiber.html (accessed: November 11, 2019).
40. Matveeva N.V., Musin R.R. 3D-design of a plant for the production of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. Vestnik Kazanskogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta, 2013, no. 10, pp. 146–147.
41. Ashpin O. Ultra-high molecular weight project. The Chemical Journal, 2006. Sept, pp. 30–33.
42. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) – material for extreme operating conditions. Available at: http://catalysis.ru/block/ index.php? ID = 3 & SECTION_ID = 1487 (accessed: November 11, 2019).
43. Polynit Textile of Polinit Group of Companies. Available at: http://polinit-textile.ru/pdf/spravka.pdf (accessed: November 11, 2019).
44. UHMWPE fibers and products from them. Available at: http://www.formoplast-spb.ru/volokna-svmp (accessed: November 11, 2019).

dx.doi.org/ 10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-3-58-65

УДК 666.7

Lebedeva Yu.E., Shchegoleva N.E., Chaynikova A.S., Voronov V.A., Shavnev A.A.

Obtaining the prototype of not cooled nozzle turbine blade from ceramic composite material

Not cooled nozzle turbine blade prototype from ceramic composite material of SiC-SiC_w–B₄C–AlN system was obtained by the method of spark plasma sintering. The received prototype combines low values of density (3,4 g/cm³) and CTE (α=(5,3–5,4)10^-6 K^-1) with high level of mechanical and thermal characteristics: microhardness (25–26 GPa), flexural strength (413 MPa), crack resistance (6,2–6,9 MPa√м) and heat resistance at 1500 °C (weight change is 0,72–0,77% during 600 h). The spark plasma sintering method has allowed to obtain uniform structure of not cooled nozzle turbine blade prototype from ceramic composite material.

Read in Russian

Reference list

1. Grashchenkov D.V. Strategy of development of non-metallic materials, metal composite materials and heat-shielding. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, No. S, pp. 264–271. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-264-271.
2. Belyachenko I.O., Schegoleva N.E., Chaynikova A.S., Vaganova M.L., Shavnev A.A. Silicon nitride ceramic materials for aviation GTE bearings and methods of manufacturing (review). Trudy VIAM, 2019, no. 7 (79), paper no. 05. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: September 01, 2020). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2019-0-7-42-49.
3. Kuznetsov B.Yu., Sorokin O.Yu., Vaganova M.L., Osin I.V. Synthesis of model high-temperature ceramic matrices by the method of spark plasma sintering and the study of their properties for the production of composite materials. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2018, no. 4 (53), pp. 37–44. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2018-0-4-37-44.
4. Krenkel W., Berndt F. C/C–SiC composites for space applications and advanced friction systems. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2005, vol. 412, no. 1–2, pp. 177–181.
5. Jacobson N.S. Corrosion of silicon-based ceramics in combustion environments. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 1993, vol. 76, pp. 3–28.
6. Van Roode M., Price J., Miriyala N., Leroux D. Ceramic matrix composite combustor liners: A summary of field evaluations. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2007, vol. 129, no. 1, pp. 21–30.
7. Choi S.R., Bansal N.P. Shear Strength as a Function of Test Rate for SiCf / BSAS Ceramic Matrix Composite at Elevated Temperature. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2004, vol. 87, no. 10, pp. 1912–1918.
8. Kablov E.N., Karachevtsev F.N., Stolyarova V.L., Vorozhtcov V.A., Lopatin S.I. Vaporization and thermodynamics of ceramicsin the Y2O3–ZrO2–HfO2 system. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2019, vol. 33, no. 19, pp. 1537–1546.
9. Sakharov K.A., Simonenko E.P., Simonenko N.P., Vaganova M.L., Lebedeva Yu.E., Chaynikova A.S., Osin I.V., Sorokin O.Yu., Grashchenkov D.V., Sevastyanov V.G., Kuznetsov N.T., Kablov E.N. Glycol-citrate synthesis of fine-grained oxides La2−xGdxZr2O7 and preparation of corresponding ceramics using FAST/SPS process. Ceramics International, 2018, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 7647–7655.
10. Simonenko E.P., Simonenko N.P., Papynov E.K., Gridasova E.A., Sevastyanov V.G., Kuznetsov N.T. Obtaining ultrahigh-temperature ceramic materials HfB2–SiC (10–65 vol.% SiC) using sol-gel technology and hot pressing of the composite powder HfB2–(SiO2–SiC). Zhurnal neorganicheskoy khimii, 2018, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 3–18.
11. Torresillas San Millan R., Pinargote Solis N.V., Okunkova A.A., Peretyagin P.Yu. Fundamentals of the process of spark plasma sintering of nanopowders. Moscow: Technosphere, 2014, 96 p.
12. Hasanov A.O. Development of compositions and technology for spark-plasma sintering of ceramic materials, composites based on micro- and nanopowders B4C: thesis, Cand. Sc. (Tech.). Tomsk, 2015, 201 p.
13. Chuvildeev V.N., Boldin M.S., Nokhrin A.V., Blagoveshchensky Y.V., Sakharov N.V., Shotin S.V., Kotkov D.N., Panov D.V. Structure and properties of advanced materials obtained by Spark Plasma Sintering. Acta Astronautica, 2015, vol. 109, P. 172–176.
14. Chuvildeev V.N., Boldin M.S., Dyatlova Ya.G., Rumyantsev V.I., Ordanyan S.S. Comparative study of hot pressing and high-speed electropulse plasma sintering of Al2O3/ZrO2/Ti(C, N) powders. Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2015, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 987–993.
15. Avramenko V.A., Papynov E.K., Shichalin O.O., Mayorov V.Yu., Portnyagin A.S., Sokolnitskaya T.A., Koryavets E.G. Spark plasma sintering as an innovative approach to creating a new generation of nanostructured ceramics. VI Mezhdunarodnaya konferentsiya «Nanomaterialy i tekhnologii». Ulan-Ude, 2016, pp. 82–90.
16. Barinov V.Yu., Rogachev A.S., Vadchenko S.G., Moskovsky D.O., Kolobov Yu.R. Spark plasma sintering of complex-shaped products using quasi-isostatic pressing. International Journal of Applied and Fundamental Research, 2016, no. 1-3, pp. 312–315.
17. Vaganova M.L., Sorokin O.Yu., Osin I.V. Joining of ceramic materials by the method of spark plasma sintering. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 306–317. DOI: 10.18577 / 2071-9140-2017-0-S-306-317.
18. Batienkov R.V., Efimochkin I.Yu., Khudnev A.A. The research of a specific electrical conductivity of Mo–W powder alloys obtained by SPS. Trudy VIAM, 2019, no. 7 (79), paper no. 06. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: September 01, 2020). DOI: 10.18577 / 2307-6046-2019-0-7-50-58.
19. Kablov E.N. Innovative developments of FSUE «VIAM» SSC of RF on realization of «Strategic directions of the development of materials and technologies of their processing for the period until 2030». Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2015, no. 1 (34), pp. 3–33. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2015-0-1-3-33.
20. Ceramic composite material: pat. 2689947 Rus. Federation; filed 25.04.18; publ. 29.05.19.

dx.doi.org/ 10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-3-66-73

УДК 678.747.2

Evdokimov A.A., Gulyaev I.N., Nacharkina A.V.

Investigation of the physicomechanical properties of volume-reinforced carbon fiber reinforced plastic

The physical and mechanical properties of carbon fiber made using a volume-reinforced preform of the orthogonal weave type and a binder VSN-31 at room and elevated (300 °C) temperatures are investigated. The presented research results are presented in comparison with carbon fiber, made on the basis of equal-strength fabric and binder VSN-31. The analysis of the obtained results of the compared carbon fiber plastics is carried out and conclusions are made about their performance at high temperature. The influence of the orientation of the base, weft, and vertical ligation bundles on the physical and mechanical characteristics of carbon fiber plastics is explained.

Read in Russian

Reference list

dx.doi.org/ 10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-3-74-81

УДК 620.1:667.621

Veshkin E.A, Semenychev V.V., Postnov V.I., Krasheninnikova E.V.

Research of the geometric section for sclerometric furnish sections obtained on the cured binding EDT-69N at different load levels for inductor

EDT-69H binder samples cured under various temperature and time conditions were scratched using a laboratory sclerometer over a wide range of indenter loads. The obtained sclerometric grooves were measured andgraphs were plotted for changes in the width and depth of the grooves depending on the load on the samples of composites, cured at different conditions. The geometric shape of the cross-section of the grooves was studied on the transverse sections of plastic samples, the depth of the grooves on the microsections was specified and the microhardness values in the region of deformation of the material from the action of the indenter of the sclerometer were estimated. It has been established that the microhardness value and sclerometric characteristics are very sensitive parameters to the technological modes of curing the binder. The change in the roughness of the front surface of samples with different curing modes was studied and it was shown that an increase in the microhardness of the surface of the sample leads to a decrease in its roughness.

Read in Russian

Reference list

1. Raskutin A.E. Development strategy of polymer composite materials. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 344–348. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-344-348.
2. Kablov E.N. Russia in the market of intellectual resources. Ekspert, 2015, no. 28 (951), pp. 48–51.
3. Grashchenkov D.V. Strategy of development of non-metallic materials, metal composite materials and heat-shielding. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, No. S, pp. 264–271. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-264-271.
4. Raskutin A.E. Russian polymer composite materials of new generation, their exploitation and implementation in advanced developed constructions. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 349–367. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-349-367.
5. Kablov E.N. Composites: today and tomorrow. Metally Evrazii, 2015, no. 1, pp. 36–39.
6. Mostovoi A.S., Ledenev A.N. Modification of epoxy polymers with nanodispersed silicon. Fizika i khimiya obrabotki materialov, 2017, no. 4, pp. 61–66.
7. Aristov V.M., Aristova E.P. The effect of structural heterogeneity on the physical properties of partially crystalline polymers. Plasticheskiye massy, 2016, no. 3–4, pp. 15–18. DOI: 10.35164/0554-2901-2016-3-4-15-18.
8. Platonov A.A., Kogan D.I., Dushin M.I. The manufacture of three-dimensional PCM by the method of impregnation with a film binder. Plasticheskiye massy, 2013, no. 6, pp. 56–61.
9. Lavrov N.A., Kiyomov Sh.N., Kryzhanovsky V.K. Properties of unfilled epoxy polymers. Plasticheskiye massy, 2019, no. 1–2, pp. 37–39.
10. Wulf B.K., Romadin K.P. Aviation materials science. Moscow: Mashinostroyeniye, 1967, 391 p.
11. Tager A.A. Physical chemistry of polymers. Moscow: Nauchnyy mir, 2007, 128 p.
12. Veshkin E.A., Postnov V.I., Semenychev V.V. Microhardness assessment of samples based on a BST-1210 binder cured in various modes as a testing method. Materialovedeniye, 2018, no. 6, pp. 3–6.
13. GOST 9450–76. Microhardness measurement by indentation of diamond tips. Moscow: Izd-vo standartov, 1993, 35 p.
14. Kuritsyna A.D. Application of the microhardness method to determine some properties of polymeric materials. Metody ispytaniya na mikrotverdost. Moscow: Nauka, 1965, pp. 255–260.
15. Veshkin E.A., Postnov V.I., Semenychev V.V., Krasheninnikova E.V. Anisotropic properties of cured binders. Klei. Germetiki. Tekhnologii, 2018, no. 8, pp. 20–24. DOI: 10.31044/1684-579KH-2018-0-8-20-24.
16. Veshkin E.A., Postnov V.I., Semenychev V.V., Barannikov A.A. Anisotropy of properties in the high section of fiberglass samples molded by press and autoclave methods. Kompozity i nanostruktury, 2019, vol. 11, no. 2 (42), pp. 51–58.
17. Gadalov V.N., Bredikhina O.A., Kamyshnikov Yu.P., Skripkina Yu.V., Shkodkin V.I., Kvashnin B.N. Using the sclerometry method for evaluating metals and alloys with electrophysical coatings. Novye materialy i tekhnologii v mashinostroyenii. Bryansk: BGITA, 2006, is. 6, pp. 10–15.
18. Belous V.A., Lunev V.M., Pavlov V.S., Turchina A.K. Quantitative determination of the adhesion strength of thin metal films to glass. Voprosy atomnoy nauki i tekhniki, 2006, no. 4, pp. 221–223.
19. Useinov A.S., Kravchuk K.S., Maslenikov I.I. Indentation. Measurement of hardness and crack resistance of coatings. Nanoindustriya, 2013, no. 7 (45), pp. 48–57.
20. Lvova N.A., Kravchuk K.S., Shirokov I.A. Scratch image processing algorithms in the sclerometry method. Fizika tverdogo tela, 2013, vol. 55, no. 8, pp. 1570–1577.
21. Kablov E.N. Innovative developments of FSUE «VIAM» SSC of RF on realization of «Strategic directions of the development of materials and technologies of their processing for the period until 2030». Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2015, no. 1 (34), pp. 3–33. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2015-0-1-3-33.

dx.doi.org/ 10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-3-82-93

УДК 678.8

Donetskiy K.I., Bystrikova D.V., Karavaev R.Y., Timoshkov P.N.

Application of polymeric composite materials for creation of elements of transmissions of aviation engineering (review)

At aircraft manufacturing enterprises of the Russian Federation, currently, the heavily loaded parts of the transmissions of aircraft (LA) are mainly made from metal alloys. In foreign practice it has become common practice, the use of polymer composite materials (PCM) for such products is mainly based on glass or carbon fillers using autoclave molding, pressure impregnation, winding, etc. The use of PCM in the manufacture of highly loaded parts of aircraft transmissions allows reducing the weight of products compared to metal alloys while maintaining high mechanical properties and introducing automated processes for the production of plastics in production. The published article is devoted to the review of various technological methods for manufacturing elements of transmission shafts for aviation purposes from PCM.

Read in Russian

Reference list

1. Kablov E.N. Innovative developments of FSUE «VIAM» SSC of RF on realization of «Strategic directions of the development of materials and technologies of their processing for the period until 2030». Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2015, no. 1 (34), pp. 3–33. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2015-0-1-3-33.
2. Kablov E.N. Composites: today and tomorrow. Metally Evrazii, 2015, no.1, pp. 36–39.
3. Raskutin A.E. Russian polymer composite materials of new generation, their exploitation and implementation in advanced developed constructions. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 349–367. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-349-367.
4. Kablov E.N., Startsev V.O., Inozemtsev A.A. The moisture absorption of structurally similar samples from polymer composite materials in open climatic conditions with application of thermal spikes. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. 2 (47), pp. 56–68. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-2-56-68.
5. Kay B.F., Maass D. Airframe Preliminary Design for an Advanced Composite Airframe Program: USAAVRADCOM-TR-80-D-35A. Applied Technology Laboratory, U.S. Army Research and Technology Laboratories. 1982, vol. 1, 29 p. Available at: https://www.sikorskyarchives.com/.S-75%20ACAP.php (accessed: November 12, 2019).
6. Basharov EA, Vagin A.Yu. Analysis of the use of composite materials in the design of helicopter gliders. Trudy MAI, 2017, no.92, pp. 1–33.
7. Helicopter NH-90 in the service of the German Armed Forces. Militari revyu: Internet portal. Available at: https://militaryreview.su/49-vertolet-nh-90-na-sluzhbe-vs-germanii.html (accessed: November 13, 2019).
8. Vagin A.Yu., Golovin VV Composites in frame structures. Vertolet, 1999, no.1, pp. 12–15. Available at: https://nemaloknig.com/read-57920/?page=8 (accessed: November 13, 2019).
9. Hybrid metal-composite drive shaft unit and method of manufacturing same: pat. US10280969; filed 13.04.16; publ. 07.05.19.
10. Transmission of a helicopter. Avia.pro: news agency. Available at: http://avia.pro/blog/transmissiya-vertoleta (accessed: November 26, 2019).
11. Method for producing hybrid driveshaft: pat. US6336986; filed 25.01.98; publ. 08.01.02.
12. Rotor wing with integrated tension-torque-transmission element and method for its production: pat. US2010278649; filed 26.04.10; publ. 04.11.10.
13. Composite material metal integrated pull rod and forming method thereof: pat. CN106741835; filed 29.12.16; publ. 31.05.17.
14. Composite Tie Rod and Method for Making the Same: pat. US8679275; filed 26.08.08; publ. 25.03.14.
15. A method of manufacturing a body-reinforced composite material: pat. 2379185 Rus. Federation; filed 10.11.06; publ. 20.01.10.
16. Dushin M. I., Hrulkov A.V., Muhametov R.R., Chursova L.V. Features of manufacturing of products from PCM impregnation method under pressure. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2012, no. 1, pp. 18–26.
17. Transmission shaft joint design: pat. US2008012329; filed 16.01.07; publ. 17.01.08.
18. Conformal clearance fit fastener, fastener system, and method for composite structures: pat. CN107269655; filed 28.03.17; publ. 20.10.17.
19. Composite power transmission mechanism and vehicle: pat. US6808468; filed 08.05.00; publ. 26.10.04.
20. Ram air turbine with composite shaft: pat. US2016137308; filed 17.11.14; publ. 19.05.19.
21. One-piece connecting rod and method for its manufacture: pat. 2653822 Rus. Federation; filed 10.10.13; publ. 14.05.18.
22. Composite tube for torque and/or load transmissions and related methods: pat. US2014221110; filed 05.02.14; publ. 07.08.14.
23. Aircraft rotor assembly with composite laminate: pat. US2016207621; filed 16.02.14; publ. 21.07.16.
24. Engine shaft in the form of a fiber-composite plastic tube with metallic driving and driven protrusions: pat. US 2010113171; filed 05.11.09; publ. 06.05.10.
25. Mold for manufacturing composite drive shaft and composite drive shaft manufactured using the mold: pat. US2010113169; field 05.11.09; publ. 11.06.13.
26. High speed composite drive shaft: pat. US2015060594; filed 18.11.16; publ. 05.03.15.
27. Fiber composite transmission shaft for driving airfoil wing of airplane, has metal flanges inserted in end regions of shaft, and layer structure symmetrical to thickness, fiber volume portions and angle of carbon and glass fiber layers: pat. DE102007018082; filed 18.04.03; publ. 23.10.08.
28. Composite drive shaft with captured end adapters: pat. US2005239562; filed 17.04.07; publ. 27.10.05.
29. Donetskiy K.I., Karavayev R.YU., Raskutin A.Ye., Dun V.A. Carbon fibers composite material on the basis of volume reinforcing triax braiding preformes. Trudy VIAM, 2019, no. 1 (73), paper no. 07. Available at: http://viam-works.ru (accessed: November 24, 2019). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2019-0-1-55-63.
30. Montagnier O., Hochard Ch. Optimization of hybrid high-modulus / high-strength carbon fiber reinforcedplastic composite drive shafts. Materials and Design, 2013, vol. 46, pp. 88–100.
31. Donetski K.I., Raskutin A.E., Khilov P.A., Lukyanenko Yu.V., Belinis P.G., Korotigin A.A. Volumetric braided and woven textile preforms used for manufacturing of fiber reinforced polymer composite materials (review). Trudy VIAM, 2015, no. 9, paper no. 10. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: November 25, 2019). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2015-0-9-10-10.
32. Lawrie D.J. Development of a High Torque Density, Flexible, Composite Driveshaft. 2007. Available at: http://www.scirp.org/pdf/EPE_2013090314242136.pdf (accessed: November 25, 2019).
33. Donetskij K.I., Kogan D.I., Hrulkov A.V. Properties of the polymeric composite materials made on the basis of braided preforms. Trudy VIAM, 2014, no. 3, paper no. 05. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: November 24, 2019). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2014-0-3-5-5.
34. Open composite shaft: pat. US10344794; filed 18.11.16; publ. 09.07.19.
35. Drive shaft made of composite materials: pat. 2,601,971 Rus. Federation; filed 08.09.15; publ. 10.11.16.
36. Biaxial mesh construction of composite material: pat. 183461 Ros. Federation; filed 25.06.18; publ. 24.09.18.
37. Split torque geared power transmissions with composite output shafts: pat. US2009038435; filed 08.08.07; publ.17.01.08.
38. Component for absorbing and / or transmitting mechanical forces and / or moments, method for producing same and use thereof: pat. US9874240; filed 19.06.12; publ. 23.01.18.
39. Hybrid Composite-Metal shaft: pat. US2016271925; filed 19.03.15; publ. 02.09.16.
40. A rotorcraft rotor comprising a hub made of composite materials obtained from carbon fiber fabric dusted in a thermoplastic resin: pat. KR20160085715; field 07.01.16; publ. 18.07.16.
41. Singha S., Gubran H., Gupta K. Developments in Dynamics of Composite Material Shafts. International Journal of Rotating Machinery, 1997, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 189–198.
42. Perov B.V., Gunyaev G.M., Rumyantsev A.F., Stroganov G.B. The use of high-modulus polymer composite materials in aircraft products. Aviatsionnaya promyshlennost, 1982, no. 8, pp. 1–16.

10.

dx.doi.org/ 10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-3-94-101

УДК 629.7.023.222

Kondrashov E.K., Naidenov N.D.

Erosion-resistant paint and varnish coatings for aviation purposes Part 2. Elastomeric erosion resistant radio-transparent coatings (review)

This paper summarizes the results of research on the development of erosion-resistant coatings based on epoxy, polyurethane and polyimide film formers with heat resistance up to 350 °С. It is established that the erosion resistance of coatings depends not only on their strength and elongation, but also on their dynamic parameters and the properties of fillers. The second part of the article summarizes the results of research on the development of elastomeric erosion-resistant coatings based on chlorosulfated polyethylene and fluoro-rubber with heat resistance up to 250 °С, as well as coating systems with erosion-resistant enamels based on these elastomers designed to protect against erosion of radio-transparent antenna fairings made of fiberglass.

Read in Russian

Reference list

1. Kondrashov E.K., Naidenov N.D. Erosion resistant paint coverings of aviation purpose. Part 1. Erosion resistant paint coatings based on epoxy and polyurethane films forming (review). Trudy VIAM, 2020, no. 2 (86), paper no. 09. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: February 20, 2020). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-2-81-90.
2. Chebotarevskiy V.V., Kondrashov E.K. Technology of coatings in mechanical engineering. Moscow: Mashinostroyeniye, 1978, 296 p.
3. Kablov E.N. Innovative developments of FSUE «VIAM» SSC of RF on realization of «Strategic directions of the development of materials and technologies of their processing for the period until 2030». Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2015, no. 1 (34), pp. 3–33. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2015-0-1-3-33.
4. Buznik V.M., Kablov E.N., Koshurina A.A. Materials for complex technical devices of the Arctic application. Nauchno-tekhnicheskiye problemy osvoyeniya Arktiki. Moscow: Nauka, 2015, pp. 275–285.
5. Kablov E.N. Quality control of materials – a guarantee of the safety of operation of aircraft. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2001, no. 1, pp. 3–8.
6. Erosion. Ed. Yu.V. Polezhaev. Moscow: Mir, 1982, 2644 p.
7. Kashcheev V.N. Abrasive destruction of solids. Moscow: Nauka, 1970, 248 p.
8. Kleis I.R. Theory of friction, wear and standardization problems. Bryansk, 1978, 387 p.
9. Ratner A.V., Zelinsky V.G. Erosion of materials of heat power equipment. Moscow; Leningrad: Energiya, 1966, 271 p.
10. Urvantsev L.A. Erosion and metal protection. Moscow: Mashinostroyeniye, 1966, 235 p.
11. Gorlin S.M. Experimental aeromechanics. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola, 1970, 424 p.
12. Kozyrev S.P. Hydroabrasive wear of metals during cavitation. Moscow: Mashinostroyeniye, 1964, 139 p.
13. Perelman R.G. Erosive strength of engine parts and aircraft power plants. Moscow: Mashinostroyeniye, 1980. 246 p.
14. Kondrashov E.K. Heat-resistant putties on base silicone resins. Trudy VIAM, 2017, no. 10 (58), paper no. 07. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: January 12, 2020). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2017-0-10-7-7.
15. Kondrashov E.K. Erosion-resistant radiolucent enamel VE-14. Aviatsionnaya promyshlennost, 1976, no. 1, pp. 67–68.
16. Goldberg M.M. Materials for coatings. Moscow: Khimiya, 1972 344 p.
17. ЛPaintwork materials: reference book. Ed. I.N. Sapgira. Moscow: Izd-vo khim. lit., 1961. 506 p.
18. Paintwork materials. Technical requirements and quality control. Мoscow: Khimiya, 1977, vol. 2. 286 p.
19. Semenova L.V., Novikova T.A., Nefedov N.I. Study of removing ability of removers for paint systems removal. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. 1 (46), pp. 32–37. DOI: 10.18577 / 2071-9140-2017-0-1-32-37.
20. Elastomer coated layer for erosion and/or fire protection: pat. US5908528; field 16.04.98; publ. 06.01.99.
21. Elastomer coated layer for erosion and/or fire protection: pat. US5912195; field 16.04.98; publ. 15.06.99.
22. Kuznetsova V.A., Shapovalov G.G. Tendencies of development of the erosion-resistant coatings (review. Trudy VIAM, 2018, no. 11 (71), paper no. 09. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: January 12, 2020). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2018-0-11-74-85.
23. Zhelezina G.F., Solovyeva N.A., Makrushin K.V., Rysin L.S. Polymer composite materials for manufacturing engine air particle separation of advanced helicopter engine. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2018, no. 1 (50), pp. 58–63. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2018-0-1-58-63.
24. Pavlyuk B.Ph. The main directions in the field of development of polymeric functional materials. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 388–392. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-388-392.
25. Grashchenkov D.V. Strategy of development of non-metallic materials, metal composite materials and heat-shielding. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, No. S, pp. 264–271. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-264-271.

11.

dx.doi.org/ 10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-3-102-110

УДК 620.1:699.81

Barbotko S.L., Volnyj O.S., Bochenkov M.M.

Impact assessment of gas permeability of three-layered core panel on heat release

This is a study of the effect of the gas permeability of the skin and honeycomb core of three-layer panels on the value of the heat release characteristics during combustion (the maximum heat release rate and the total amount of heat released during the first 2 minutes of the test). The study demonstrates that the presence of perforations of the skin or honeycomb can lead to a significant decrease in the recorded heat release characteristics due to a smoother exit of combustible thermal decomposition products from the internal volume of the three-layer panel.

Read in Russian

Reference list

1. Postnov V.I., Petukhov V.I., Strelnikov S.V., Makrushin K.V., Pletin I.I., Kavun N.S., Zastrogina O.B., Shvets N.I. Ways to improve manufacturability and structural properties of aircraft interior panels. Izvestiya Samarskogo nauchnogo tsentra Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, 2008, vol. 1, special issue: A Quarter-Century of Surveys and Experiments on the Creation of Unique Technologies and Materials for Aircraft Engineering STCU – FSUE VIAM, pp. 59–64.
2. Veshkin E.A., Postnov V.I., Zastrogina O.B., Satdinov R.A. Technology for accelerated molding of three-layer honeycomb panels for aircraft interior. Izvestiya Samarskogo nauchnogo tsentra Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, 2013, vol. 15, no. 4-4, pp. 799–805.
3. Raskutin A.E. Development strategy of polymer composite materials. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 344–348. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-344-348.
4. The airworthiness standards of civilian light aircraft: AP-23: approved by the resolution of the 34th session of the Council on Aviation and Airspace Use 06.12.2013. 4th ed. Moscow: Aviaizdat, 2014, 208 p.
5. Airworthiness standards for transport category aircraft: AP-25: approved. Resolution of the 35th session of the Council on Aviation and Airspace Use 23.10.2015. 3rd ed. Moscow: Aviaizdat, 2015, 290 p.
6. Airworthiness standards of rotorcraft of the normal category: AP-27: approved. By the resolution of the 34th session of the Council on Aviation and Airspace Use 06.12.2013. 2nd ed. Moscow: Aviaizdat, 2014, 128 p.
7. Airworthiness standards of rotorcraft of the transport category: AP-29: approved. By the resolution of the 36th session of the Council on Aviation and Airspace Use 03.15.2018. 3rd ed. Moscow: Aviaizdat, 2018, 136 p.
8. Airworthiness standards for very light aircraft: AP-OLS. Moscow: Aviaizdat, 2006, 104 p.
9. Transport Category Airplanes: Airworthiness Standards. Federal Regulations. Part 25. Available at: http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idxSID=d7f8803c7bd1d50b6d68749e0b42d848&node=14:1.0.1.3.11&rgn=div5 (accessed: October 10, 2019).
10. Certification Specifications and Acceptable Means of Compliance for Large Aeroplanes: CS-25. 2020. 1116 p. Available at: https://www.easa.europa.eu/document-library/certification-specifications/cs-25-amendment-24 (accessed: October 10, 2019).
11. Barbotko S.L., Volny O.S., Kirienko O.A., Shurkova E.N. Fire safety assessment of aviation polymer materials: state analysis, test methods, development prospects, methodological features / gen. ed. E.N. Kablov. Moscow: VIAM, 2018, 442 p.
12. Berlin A.A. Combustion of polymers and low combustibility polymeric materials. Sorosovskiy obrazovatelny zhurnal, 1996, no. 9, pp. 57–63.
13. Barbotko S.L. Heat emission during combustion of polymer materials for aviation purposes: thesis abstract. Cand. Sc. (Tech.). Moscow, 1999, 23 p.
14. Barbotko S.L., Vorobyov V.N. Influence of air flow in OSU calorimeter on test results. Proceeding of the Third Triennial International Aircraft Fire & Cabin Safety Conference (Atlantic City, New Jersey, USA. October 22–25, 2001). Available at: http://www.fire.tc.faa.gov (accessed: October 10, 2019).
15. Zhelezina G.F., Bader E.Ya., Raskutin A.E., Migunov V.P., Stolyankov Yu.V. Materials for sound-absorbing structures. Vse materialy. Entsiklopedicheskiy spravochnik, 2012, no. 4, pp. 12–16.
16. A method of manufacturing a relief aggregate: pat. 2307032 Rus. Federation; filed 27.12.05; publ. 27.09.07.
17. Barbotko S.L. Ways of providing fire safety of aviation materials. Russian Journal of General Chemistry, 2011, vol. 81, no. 5, pp. 1068–1074.
18. Kurnosov A.O., Sokolov I.I., Melnikov D.A., Topunova T.E. Fireproof fiberglass for interior of passenger aircraft (review). Trudy VIAM, 2015, no. 11, paper no. 07. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: October 10, 2019). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2015-0-11-7-7.
19. Petrova G.N., Beider E.Ya., Perfilova D.N., Rumyantseva T.V. Fire safety of injection molding thermoplastics and TPE materials. Trudy VIAM, 2013, no. 11, paper no. 02. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: October 10, 2019).
20. Shurkova E.N., Volny O.S., Izotova T.F., Barbotko S.L. Research of possibility of decrease in heat release when burning composite material by change of its structure. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2012, no. 1, pp. 27–30.
21. Lyon R.E., Gandhi S., Crowley S. Fire Properties of Heat-Resistant Polymers: Technical Report DOT/FAA/TC-TN18/32. 2019. 33 p. Available at: http://www.fire.tc.faa.gov (accessed: October 10, 2019).
22. Quintiere J.G., Walters R.N., Crowley S. Flammability Properties of Aircraft Carbon-Fiber Structural Composite: Technical Report DOT/FAA/AR-07/57. 2007. 43 p. Available at: http://www.fire.tc.faa.gov (accessed: October 10, 2019).
23. Lyon R.E., Janssens M.L. Polymer Flammability: Technical Report DOT/FAA/AR-05/14. 2005. 82 p. Available at: http://www.fire.tc.faa.gov (accessed: October 10, 2019).
24. Zhang H. Fire-Safe Polymers and Polymer Composites: Technical Report DOT/FAA/AR-04/11. 2004. 209 p. Available at: http://www.fire.tc.faa.gov (accessed: October 10, 2019).
25. Flammability Testing of Interior Materials: Policy Statement No. PS-ANM-25.853-01-R2. 2013. 28 p. Available at: http://www.faa.gov (accessed: October 10, 2019).
26. Kablov E.N. Innovative developments of FSUE «VIAM» SSC of RF on realization of «Strategic directions of the development of materials and technologies of their processing for the period until 2030». Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2015, no. 1 (34), pp. 3–33. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2015-0-1-3-33.
27. Kablov E.N. At the crossroads of science, education and industry. Ekspert, 2015, no. 15 (941), pp. 49–53.
28. Kablov E.N. What to make the future of? Materials of a new generation, technologies for their creation and processing - the basis of innovation. Krylya Rodiny, 2016, no. 5, pp. 8–18.

12.

dx.doi.org/ 10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-3-111-118

УДК 620.179:624.147

Makhsidov V.V., Smirnov O.I., Razomasov N.D., Razomasova T.S., Nuzhny G.A.

Structural health monitoring of natural and artificial structures based on ice (review)

Ice is a good base material for a number of structures in Arctic, especially for large structures (e.g. runway, road and etc.). However, sea or fresh ice as structural material have not enough strength. Therefor, reinforcing and modification and on the other hand development new methods and improve existents one monitoring ways for ice are still investigating. In this paper non-destructive testing for certain natural and artificial structures applying for Arctic condition are reviewed. Radar data, local methods such as based on stress-strain, ultrasonic and acoustic emission data for estimate work’s capacity structures are consider.

Read in Russian

Reference list

1. Dynkin A.A., Vernikovsky V.A., Dobretsov N.L., Buznik V.M., Kablov E.N. et al. Scientific and technical problems of the development of the Arctic. Moscow: Nauka, 2015, 490 p.
2. Kablov E.N., Startsev V.O. Systematical analysis of the climatics influence on mechanical properties of the polymer composite materials based on domestic and foreign sources (review). Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2018, no. 2 (51), pp. 47–58. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2018-0-2-47-58.
3. Petrov A.V., Doriomedov M.S., Skripachev S.Yu. Recycling technologies of polymer composite materials (review). Trudy VIAM, 2015, no. 8, paper no. 09. Available at: http://viam-works.ru (accessed: November 22, 2019). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2015-0-8-9-9.
4. Kablov E.N. Composites: today and tomorrow. Metally Evrazii, 2015, no. 1, pp. 36–39.
5. Timoshkov P.N., Khrulkov A.V., Yazvenko L.N., Composite materials for non-autoclave technology (review). Trudy VIAM, 2018, no. 3 (63), paper no. 05. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: November 22, 2019). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2018-0-3-37-48.
6. Kablov E.N. The main results and directions of the development of materials for advanced aviation technology. 75 years. Aviation materials. Moscow: VIAM, 2007, pp. 20–26.
7. Kravchuk A.N., Lysenko V.A. Amazing composite – pikerit. Composite world, 2015, no. 4 (61), pp. 68–70.
8. Sea ice. Collection and analysis of observational data, physical properties and forecasting of ice conditions: a reference manual / ed. I.E. Frolov, V.N. Gavrilo. St. Petersburg: Gidrometeoizdat, 1997, 402 p.
9. Sazonov K.E., Dobrodeev A.A. The study of the bending strength of ice in the north-eastern part of the Caspian Sea. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki, 2014, no. 3, pp. 62–68.
10. Buznik V.M., Landik D.N., Erasov V.S., Nuzhny G.A., Cherepanin R.N., Novikov M.M., Goncharova G.Yu., Razomasov N.D., Razomasova T.S., Ustyugova T.G. Physico-mechanical properties of composite materials based on an ice matrix. Materialovedenie, 2017, no. 2, pp. 33–40.
11. Cherepanin R.N., Nuzhny G.A., Razomasov N.A., Goncharova G.Yu., Buznik V.M. Physico-mechanical properties of ice composite materials reinforced with Rusar-S fibers. Materialovedenie, 2017, no. 7. pp. 38–44.
12. Masterson D.M. State of the art of ice bearing capacity and ice construction. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2009, no. 58, pp. 99–112. DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2009.04.04.002.
13. Raskutin A.E., Makhsidov V.V., Smirnov O.I., Kasharina L.A. Monitoring of the deformability of the composite structure of the arch bridge based on fiber-optic sensors. Trudy VIAM, 2018, no. 3 (63), paper no. 06. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: November 22, 2019). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2018-0-3-49-59.
14. Inaudi D. Combined static and dynamic monitoring of civil structures with long-gauge fiber optic sensor. Proceedings of IMAC XXIII Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics. Orlando, FL, 2005, p. 3.
15. Vasiliev S.A., Medvedkov I.O., Korolev I.G., Bozhkov A.S., Kurkov A.S., Dianov E.M. Fiber gratings of refractive index and their application. Kvantovaya elektronika, 2005, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 1085–1103.
16. Childers B.A., Froggatt M.E., Allison S.G. et al. Use of 3000 Bragg Grating Strain Sensors Distributed on Four Eight-Meter Optical Fibers During Static Load Tests of a Composite Structure. Proceedings Smart Structures and Materials 2001: Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies, 2001, pp. 133–142.
17. Masterson D.M., Anderson K.G., Strandberg A.G. Strain measurements in floating ice platforms and their application to platform design. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 1979, no. 6, pp. 394–405.
18. Masterson D.M., Anderson K.G., Strandberg A.G. Strain measurements in floating ice platforms and their application to platform design: reply. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 1980, no. 7, pp. 565–568.
19. Gold L.W. Strain measurements in floating ice platforms and their application to platform design: discussion. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 1980, no. 7, pp. 564–565.
20. Konig M., Winther J.-G., Isaksson E. Measuring snow and glacier ice properties from satellite. Reviews of Geophysics, 2001, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 1–27.
21. Kazakov E.E., Volkov V.A., Demchev D.M. The system of operational monitoring of sea ice in the Arctic, based on open satellite radar data. Sb. tez. dokl. 2-oy Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. «Geodeziya, kartografiya, geoinformatika i kadastry. Ot idei do vnedreniya» (St. Petersburg, November 8–10, 2017). St. Petersburg: Polytechnic, 2017, pp. 33–39. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330366873_Sistema_ operativnogo_monitoringa_morskogo_lda_v_Arktike_osnovannaa_na_otkrytyh_sputnikovyh_radiolokacionnyh_dannyh (accessed: October 01, 2019).
22. Zhou Z., Huang M., He J., Chen G., Ou J. Ice structure monitoring with an optical fiber sensing system. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2010, no. 61 (1), pp. 1–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2009.12.12.004.
23. Makhsidov V.V., Smirnov O.I., Nuzhny G.A., Razomasov N.A., Goncharova G.Yu., Buznik V.M. Investigation of the deformation of ice composite materials using integrated fiber optic sensors. Materialovedenie, 2020, no. 2, pp. 26–31.
24. Moreau L., Lachaud C., Théry R. et al. Monitoring ice thickness and elastic properties from the measurement of leaky guided waves: A laboratory experiment. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2017, vol. 142, no. 5. DOI: 10.1121/1.5009933.
25. Gammon P.H., Kiefte H., Clouter M.J., Denner W.W. Elastic constants of articial and natural ice samples by brillouin spectroscopy. Journal of Glaciology, 1983, vol. 103, no. 29, pp. 433–460.
26. Schulson E.M., Duval P. Creep and fracture of ice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009, vol. 1, pp. 59.
27. Vaughan M.J., Van Wijk K., Prior D.J., Bowman M.H. Monitoring the temperature-dependent elastic and anelastic properties in isotropic polycrystalline ice using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. The Cryosphere, 2016, no. 10, pp. 2821–2829.
28. Li D., Du F. Monitoring and evaluating the failure behavior of ice structure using the acoustic emission technique. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2016, no. 129, pp. 51–59. DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2016.06.06.003.
29. Sinha N.K., Shkhinek K., Smirnov V. On borehole indentor (BHI) measurements and analysis. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2012, no. 76–77, pp. 109–120. DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2012.01.01.009.
30. Duca S., Occhiena C., Mattone M. et al. Feasibility of Ice Segregation Location by Acoustic Emission Detection: A Laboratory Test in gneiss. Permafrost and Periglacial Process, 2014, no. 25, pp. 208–219.
31. Datt P., Kapil J.C., Kumar A. Acoustic emission characteristics and b-value estimate in relation to waveform analysis for damage response of snow. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2015, no. 119, pp. 170–182. DOI: 10.1016 / j.coldregions.2015.08.08.005.
32. Reiweger I., Mayer K., Steiner K. et al. Measuring and localizing acoustic emission events in snow prior to fracture. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2015, no. 110, pp. 160–169.
33. Epifanov V.P., Glazovsky A.F. Glacier Studies Based on Acoustic Measurements. Led i sneg, 2013, no. 3 (123), pp. 12–19.
34. Golovin Yu.I., Shibkov A.A., Zheltov M.A., Tatarko M.A. Interrelation of electromagnetic emission with the kinetics of polycrystalline ice growth. Kristallografiya, 1999, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 717–721.
35. Shibkov A.A., Zheltov M.A., Skvortsov V.V. and other electromagnetic emission during uniaxial compression of ice. I. Identification of non-stationary processes of structural relaxation by an electromagnetic signal. Kristallografiya, 2005, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 1073–1083.