UDC
54.052:54.057:542.8
DOI
10.18577/2307-6046-2026-0-9-162-172
Article PDF (Russian) (986.17 KB)
How to cite
Sivenkova E.V., Novotortsev R.Yu., Slavin A.V., Krechetov D.D., Savilov S.V. Activated carbon from renewable plant biomass and industrial waste: composition, structure, properties (review) // Proceedings of VIAM. 2026. No. 9 (163). С. 162-172. URL: https://www.viam-works.ru. DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2026-0-9-162-172.

Activated carbon from renewable plant biomass and industrial waste: composition, structure, properties (review)

Sivenkova E.V., Novotortsev R.Yu., Slavin A.V., Krechetov D.D., Savilov S.V.
Abstract

A comparative analysis is presented regarding the synthesis methods and physicochemical properties of activated carbons and highly conductive carbon black derived from renewable biomass (rice husks, sodium lignosulfonate) and pulp and paper industry waste. It is demonstrated that activation with potassium hydroxide, carbonate, or bicarbonate yields carbons with specific surface areas of up to 3050 m2/g, suitable for use as electrode materials in supercapacitors. The potential for using highly conductive carbon black in electrically conductive coatings and as a reinforcing filler for tires and filled plastics is also highlighted.

Keywords
activated carbon, biomass, sodium lignosulfonate, rice husk charcoal, potassium carbonate and bicarbonate, supercapacitor, carbon black


Reference list
  1. Kablov E.N. Innovative developments of FSUE «VIAM» SSC of RF on realization of «Strategic directions of the development of materials and technologies of their processing for the period until 2030». Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2015, no. 1 (34), pp. 3-33. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2015-0-1-3-33.
  2. Zverevich Yu.K., Krechetov D.D., Zheleznyak V.G. Investigation of the effect of modifiers on the electrical conductivity of the model composition based on an epoxy oligomer. Trudy VIAM, 2024, no. 6 (136), pp. 61-68. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: July 29, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2024-0-6-61-68.
  3. Donetskiy K.I., Usacheva M.N., Khrulkov A.V. Infusion methods for the manufacture of polymer composite materials (review). Part 1. Trudy VIAM, 2022, no. 6 (112), pp. 58-67. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: July 29, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2022-0-6-58-67.
  4. Khrulkov A.V., Donetsky K.I., Melnikov D.A., Klimenko O.N., Slavin A.V. Prepreg tack as a function of various parameters during laying out blanks of parts and samples from polymer composite materials. Trudy VIAM, 2025, no. 3 (145), pp. 33-46. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: July 29, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2025-0-3-33-46.
  5. Nazarenko V.V. Anisotropic silicate fillers: special properties in paints and varnishes and coatings. Lakokrasochnye materialy i ikh primenenie, 2012, no. 1-2, pp. 25-33.
  6. Kuznetsova V.A., Marchenko S.A., Timoshina E.A., Zhelesnyak V.G. The firmness of paint coatings to hydroabrasive erosion. Aviation materials and technologies, 2026, no. 1 (82), pp. 209-218. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: July 29, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2026-0-1-209-218.
  7. Zemnukhova L.A., Panasenko A.E., Tsoi E.A. et al. Composition and structure of amorphous silica samples obtained from rice husk and straw. Neorganicheskiye materialy, 2014, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 82-89. DOI: 10.7868/S0002337X14010205.
  8. Serkova E.A., Khmelnitskiy V.V., Zastrogina O.B. Polymer materials for antifriction coatings (review). Trudy VIAM, 2021, no. 5 (99), pp. 56-63. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: July 29, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-5-56-63.
  9. Volfkovich Yu.M. Electrochemical supercapacitors (review). Elektrokhimiya, 2021, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 197-238.
  10. Arkhipova E.A., Novotortsev R.Yu., Ivanov A.S. et al. Rice husk-derived activated carbon electrode in redox-active electrolyte - new approach for enhancing supercapacitor performance. Journal of Energy Storage, 2022, vol. 55, p. 105699. DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2022.105699.
  11. Novotoreev R.Yu., Suslova E.V., Chen Kwanki et al. Supercapacitors based on activated carbons - rice husk processing products. Zhurnal fizicheskoy khimii, 2021, vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 1-9. DOI: 10.31857/S0044453721040191.
  12. Li L., Wang J., Chen Z. et al. Preparation of sodium lignosulfonate-based porous carbon for supercapacitors with outstanding rate capacity and high voltage. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, vol. 507, p. 160760. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.160760.
  13. Yerdauletov M.S., Nazarov K., Mukhametuly B. et al. Characterization of Activated Carbon from Rice Husk for Enhanced Energy Storage Devices. Molecules, 2023, vol. 28, no. 15, p. 5818. DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155818.
  14. Skakov M.K., Amirov A., Shaimardan E. et al. Production of highly porous activated carbon with a high specific surface area from agricultural waste. Vestnik NYATS RK, 2025, no. 4, pp. 190-197. DOI: 10.52676/1729-7885-2025-4-190-197.
  15. Chen J., Liu J., Wu D. et al. Improving the supercapacitor performance of activated carbon materials derived from pretreated rice husk. Journal of Energy Storage, 2021, vol. 44, p. 103432. DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2021.103432.
  16. Sun R., Chen Y., Gao X. et al. Sodium lignosulfonate-derived hierarchical porous carbon electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, vol. 91, p. 112025. DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.112025.
  17. Yi Y., Hou Y., Li Y. Preparation of high conductivity hierarchical porous carbon based on sodium lignosulfonate with pre-crosslinking. BioResources, 2020, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 8995-9012.
  18. Jiang Z., Xue X., Zhang Y. et al. N-O-S Co-Doped Hierarchical Porous Carbons Prepared by Mild KOH Activation of Ammonium Lignosulfonate for High-Performance Supercapacitors. Nanomaterials, 2025, vol. 15, p. 1633. DOI: 10.3390/nano15211633.
  19. Wang H.X., Huang J.W., Ren W.C. et al. Preparation of sodium lignosulfonate-based porous carbon and its application to supercapacitors. Ionics, 2024, vol. 30, pp. 8359–8368. DOI: 10.1007/s11581-024-05858-x.
  20. Xi Y., Yang D., Qiu X. et al. Renewable lignin-based carbon with a remarkable electrochemical performance from potassium compound activation. Industrial Crops and Products, 2018, vol. 124, pp. 747–754. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.08.018.
  21. Xi Y., Wang Y., Yang D. et al. K2CO3 activation enhancing the graphitization of porous lignin carbon derived from enzymatic hydrolysis lignin for high performance lithium-ion storage. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019, vol. 785, pp. 706–714. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.01.039.
  22. Li X., Luo X., Dou L., Chen K. Preparation and Characterization of K2CO3-Activated Kraft Lignin Carbon. BioResources, 2016, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 2096–2108. DOI: 10.15376/biores.11.1.2096-2108.
  23. Lu X., Lian G.J., Parker J. et al. Effect of carbon blacks on electrical conduction and conductive binder domain of next-generation lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 2024, vol. 592, p. 233916. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233916.
  24. Zhou L., You X., Wang L. et al. Fabrication of Graphitized Carbon Fibers from Fusible Lignin and Their Application in Supercapacitors. Polymers, 2023, vol. 15, no. 8, p. 1947. DOI: 10.3390/polym15081947.
  25. Pan C., Ji Y., Ren S. et al. Lignin-Derived Activated Carbon as Electrode Material for High-Performance Supercapacitor. Molecules, 2025, vol. 30, no. 1, p. 89. DOI: 10.3390/molecules30010089.
  26. Drupitha M.P., Misra M., Mohanty A.K. Recent advances on value-added biocarbon preparation by the pyrolysis of renewable and waste biomass, their structure and properties: a move toward an ecofriendly alternative to carbon black. Environmental Science: Advances, 2023, vol. 2, pp. 1282–1301. DOI: 10.1039/D3VA00107E.
  27. Karunanayake L., Etampawala T., de Silva D.J. et al. Role and potential of biochar as a sustainable alternative reinforcing filler to carbon black in rubber composites. Biochar, 2025, vol. 7, p. 60. DOI: 10.1007/s42773-025-00429-3.
The article was submitted
2026-08-18
approved and accepted for publication after reviewing
2026-08-19